Cultural Variations In Attachment

Question 1

What did Van Ijezendoorn and Kroonenberg explore?

Answer 1

To investigate cross- cultural variation in attachment.
Method- meta analysis of 32 studies from 8 different countries that had used Ainsworth strange situation, 1990 infants used

Question 2

What did they find in Ijezendoorn and Kroonenberg study?

Answer 2

Results: There were three key findings:
1) Secure attachment was the most common type of attachment, in all the cultures examined.
2) Japan and Israel (collectivist cultures) showed higher levels of insecure-resistant attachment in comparison to other cultures.
3) Germany (an individualistic culture) showed higher levels of insecure-avoidant attachment, in comparison to other cultures.

Question 3

Who investigated tribes in Africa?

Answer 3

Tronick et al.

Question 4

What did Tronick et al explore?

Answer 4

The Efe tribe, live in extended family groups. Infants slept with their mother but were breastfed by different women, yet there was still a primary attachment figure- supporting secure attachments are the same globally.

Question 5

Brief evaluation of Van ljzendoorn and Kroonenberg

Answer 5

• Compared countries and not cultures (did the research explore what was intended)
• Lacks population validity
• Culturally biased