Culture

Question 1

what is social constructionism?

Answer 1

a theoretical framework that argues that many phenomena that we take for granted as being naturally occuring are socially constructed through human interactions

Question 2

what is culture?

Answer 2

patterns of behavior, beliefs, values, norms, symbols, and material objects that are passed from one generation to the next

Question 3

what are culture univerals?

Answer 3

elements, patterns, traits, or institutions that are common to all cultures worldwide

Question 4

what is non-material culture?

Answer 4

intanglible aspcets of a culture that shapes the social life of a community?

Question 5

what are values?

Answer 5

core principles and standards of behavior that guide and determine the priorities, decisons, and actions of an individual in society

Question 6

what are norms?

Answer 6

established standards of behavior maintained by society?

Question 7

what are symbols?

Answer 7

a multifacetes concept representing an object, action, or idea that conveys specific meanings

Question 8

what is language?

Answer 8

a system of communication used by a community or country consisting of written, spoken or signed words, and the rules for combining them

Question 9

what is orality?

Answer 9

cultures, socities, or contexts where spoken language is the primary means of communication and knowledge transmission

Question 10

what is literacy?

Answer 10

ability to read and write and perstains to cultures and contexts where written texts are primarily means of production

Question 11

what is an ideology?

Answer 11

a system of beliefs, values, and ideas

Question 12

what is material culture?

Answer 12

the physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their culture

Question 13

what is dominant culture?

Answer 13

the established cultural norms, values, and practices of the majority within a society

Question 14

what is a subculture?

Answer 14

a cultural group within a larger group, often having belief or interests at a variance with those of the larger culture

Question 15

what is a counterculture?

Answer 15

social groups whos values, norms, and practices are significantly different from and often in oppposition to those of the mainstream society or dominant culture

Question 16

what are culture wars?

Answer 16

a clash between a subculture/counterculture and the dominant culture or between major groups in society

Question 17

what is multiculturalism?

Answer 17

a social and political approach that recognizes, values, and promotes the diverse cultural background within a society

Question 18

what is assilimation?

Answer 18

the process through which individuals or groups from different cultural backgrounds gradually adopt the dominant culture norms, values, and practices

Question 19

what are the two forms of cultural comformity?

Answer 19

socialization and social control

Question 20

what is socialization?

Answer 20

the process by which individuals are taught their cultural norms at a young age

Question 21

what is social control?

Answer 21

the measures used to ensure that conformity is achieved

Question 22

what is cultural appropriation?

Answer 22

the adoption or use of elements from culture by members of another culture

Question 23

what is identity politics?

Answer 23

poltical positions based on the interests and perspectives of social groups with which people identify

Question 24

what is cultural realtivism?

Answer 24

the principle than an individuals beliefs are activities should be understood by others in terms of that individuals own culture

Question 25

what is ethnocentrism?

Answer 25

the act of judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one’s own culture

Question 26

what is global culture?

Answer 26

the transmission and interconnection of ideas, values, norms and practices across national and cultural boundaries

Question 27

what is cultural imperialism?

Answer 27

the practice is promoting and imposing a culture, that of a more powerful country, over a less dominant society - comes in the form of media domiance and economic dominance

Question 28

what is media dominance?

Answer 28

where movies, televisison shows, music, and other forms of entertainment reflect and promote the values, norms, and lifestyles of the dominant culture

Question 29

what is economic dominance?

Answer 29

where the global spread of multinational corporations and their products leads to a homogenization of culture and consumer habits

Question 30

what are the critiques of cultural imperialism?

Answer 30

it undermines local cultures, traditions and languages, leading to cultural homogenization and the loss of cultural diversity