Cybersecurity

Question 1

Cybersecurity

Answer 1

• The practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks.
• These cyberattacks are usually aimed at accessing, changing, or destroying sensitive information; extorting money etc.

Question 2

Network security

Answer 2

• Activities designed to protect the usability and integrity of network and data. It includes both hardware and software technologies.
• Effective network security manages access to a network, targeting a variety of threats

Question 3

Hackers

Answer 3

• Individuals who will violate computer security of malicious or financial reasons

Question 4

Ethical Hackers

Answer 4

Individuals whose activities are to test and enhance a network’s security

Question 5

Planting the Flag

Answer 5

Those who may seek financial rewards for finding vulnerabilities - more interested in finding vulnerabilities than personal gain

Question 6

Tailgating

Answer 6

A physical security breach in which an unauthorised person follows an authorised individual to secured premises

Question 7

Phraming

Answer 7

Redirects victims to a bogus site even if it has the correct web address - usually applied to websites of banks or e-commerce

Question 8

Phishing

Answer 8

Act of attempting to obtain confidential records such as passwords by linking fake sites to “phish” data, through emails impersonating a company or entity

Question 9

Shoulder surfing

Answer 9

Looking over a person’s shoulder to view passwords or other data being entered

Question 10

Pretexting

Answer 10

Forming a pretext/fabricated scenario which can be used to steal victims information - often through “confirming the identity” of the victim

Question 11

Malware

Answer 11

Programming or malicious code used to disrupt systems by:

• gathering sensitive info
• gain access to private systems
• displaying unwanted ads
• distributing performance of network

Question 12

Zombie

Answer 12

PC connected to internet which is compromised by hacker/virus and used to perform malicious tasks

Question 13

DoS attack

Answer 13

Flooding a system or network with many requests in an attempt to overload the systems and prevent operation of the network

Question 14

DDoS

Answer 14

As DoS attack, but originating from many sources - hard to prevent as cannot block a single source

Question 15

SQL injection

Answer 15

Entering malicious SQL statements for execution

Question 16

Virus

Answer 16

Malware embedding itself into software on a device, and when ran, spreading to other files

Question 17

Worm

Answer 17

Self-replicating, able to spread rapidly and without infecting an existing program

Question 18

Ransomware

Answer 18

Type of trojan, holds the PC ransom

Question 19

Adware

Answer 19

Contains adverts embedded into application, considered an alternative for those who dont want to buy a license for a software and not always a bad thing

Question 20

Asymmetric Encryption

Answer 20

uses two keys: public and private key to decrypt

Question 21

Input sanitisation

Answer 21

removes SQL commands from input

Question 22

Caesar cipher

Answer 22

Replacing letters with plus or minus the key value e.g. +5, A becomes F

Question 23

Firewall

Answer 23

Controls incoming / outgoing traffic

Question 24

MAC address

Answer 24

Unique identifier that is used as a network address in network comms