Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Classics > December Exam > Flashcards

December Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Who controlled the Olympic games?

A

Elis 776 - 660 BCE
Pisa 660 - 572
Elis officially gains control back in 470

it is unclear who controls from 572-470

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ekecheria

A

“hands off”

Olympic Truce

announced by Spondphoroi

grants safe passage to those undergoing pilgrimage to the Olympic games, doesn’t put an end to war though

forbids armies from entering Elean territory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Spondophoroi

A

truce bearers (heralds) from Elis for the Olympic games

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hellanodikai

A

“Judge of Greece”, are the Olympic judges

conduct a 30 day training period and Elis

evaluate the athletes

conduct religious ceremonies, officiate games and crown victors

have a lot of authority over the athletes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who selected the Hellanodikai?

A

the Elean Council
90 members who hold the office for life
council was housed in one of 3 gyms in Elis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Day 1 Olympics

A

athletes examined by Hellanodikai (morning)

Olympic Oath before Zeus Horkios

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Day 2 Olympics

A

first events

Horse events - tethrippon (4 horse chariot), keles (horseback race), synoris (2 horse chariot race)

(Kalpe - ride and run, and Apene - mule cart race ended in 444)

pentathlon (first nude competition)

Phylaballoi (1st crowing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gymnikoi Agones

A

nude competitions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Day 3 Olympics

A

religious procession - procession of athletes and Hellanodikai

sacrifices of hecatomb (100 oxen at the ash altar of Zeus) - thighs burned on top, the rest of the meat distributed to the crowds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Day 4 Olympics

A

Gymnikoi Agones

1) dolichos
2) stadion
3) diaulos
4) wrestling
5) boxing
6) pancration
7) hoplitodromos

victors were crowned by Hellanodikai
there was a feast for victories athletes in the Prytaneion

then Eiselasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Eiselasis

A

triumphal return home (for victorious olympic athletes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What was the Olympic crown made of? Where were they kept?

A

Olive branch

kept on Olympic Victor table at the sanctuary of Hera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who were the Pythian games held in honour of and when did they begin?

A

in honor of Apollo

began in 586 BCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 4 Stephanitic Games, when did they begin and how often

A

Olympia - 776, every 4 years

Pythian - 586/582, every 4 years

Isthmian - 580, every 2 years

Nemean - 573, every 2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pythian crown

A

made of laurel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where were Pythian games

A

at Delphi, sanctuary of Apollo

Panhellenic - no one could control alone bc the oracle is there, decides who goes to war etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pythian Oracle

A

priestess of Apollo, sits on a tripod and gives prophecies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Amphictyonic League

A

inter-state league that controlled the sanctuary of Delphi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Difference between the Olympic and Pythian games

A

mousikos agon

b/c Apollo is god of music

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Mousikos Agon

A

music competitions in honour of Apollo

kithara like a guitar and singing 
aulos - flute 
aulos singing competition 
kithara playing 
competitions in poetry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

temple of Apollo

A

arachaic temple burnt down in 548 BCE

Alcmeonid family rebuilt as a rival to the Parthenon which was built by the Athenian Peisistratids

pediments:
back - gods vs giants
front - apollo standing at centre with people and chariots

was destroyed by earthquake in 373 and rebuilt in archaistic style

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

story of Kylon told by Thucydides

A

delphic oracle told him to seize the acropolis during the greatest festival of zeus, he thought it meant the olympics, tried and fails

sought refuge at the Parthenon, was guaranteed safe passage but then Athenians (Alkmaeonid family) kills him

curse put on Alkmaeonid family by Athenian Assembly

Peisistratids become the tyrants of Athens, build temple of Athens on Acropolis and Hippais (last tyrant) exiles and executes the Athenian nobles (especially Alkmaeonids)

Alkmaeonids bribe the delphic oracle to exploit Spata’s opposition to tyrants

every time a spartan asks the oracle something they say first free athens

Sparta ends tyranny in athens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cleithenes

A

part of Alkamaeionid family, “Father of Democracy” who rises to prominence in Athens after sparta ends tyranny there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Who dedicated the Bronze Charioteer? and story behind it

A

Polyzalos tyrant of Sicily

Gelon has power over Syracuse, brother Hieron in charge of Gela
Gelon dies and Hieron is in charge of Syracuse

Polyzalos is in command of Gela while Hieron is in Syracuse

proclaimed he was “lord of Gela” on statue and that was over-ambiotous so was erased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Explain the story of the Siphian Treasury

A

housed dedications to Apollo at Delphi

story:
herakles consults Delphic oracle on penance for murder and oracle doesn’t respond so heracles destroys the temple and attempts to steal the delphic tripod in order to found his own oracle (fights with apollo over the tripod)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Name 5 major sites/dedications at Delphi

A 
Siphian Treasury 
Athenian Treasury 
Bronze Charioteer 
Dedication of Daochos 
Kleobis and Biton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Who dedicated Kleobis and Biton

A

Argives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Who dedicated Daochos

A

delegate from Thessaly for the Amphictyonic League

wasn’t an athlete but did it to increase his own status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Ageloas

A

one of Daochos

was victor in boys sadden at Delphi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Agias

A 
one of Daochos 
pancration 
olympia 484 
3x at delphi 
5x at nemea and isthmia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Who are the Isthmian games in honour of? When did they start and how often?

A

Poseidon, god of the sea (brother of Zeus)

started 580, every 2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Who controls the Isthmian games?

A

city state of Corinth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Isthmian crown

A

was pine to begin, then changed to celery to imitate Nemea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Did the Isthmian games have mousikos agon?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Explain the 1st mythic foundation of the isthmian games - melicertes/palaimon

A

Hermes give Dionysos to his aunt Ino so Hera drives her mad
Ino throws herself and her son Melikertes into the ocean
they are both transformed into sea gods
ino -> leukothea
melikertes -> palaemon

mortal body of melikertes washes up on shore near the Isthmus

Isthmian games are founded by Sisyphos his uncle as funeral games in honour of Melikertes/Palaemon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Explain the 2nd mythic foundation for the isthmian games - Theuseus/Poseidon

A

founded by Theseus in honour of Poseidon (Theseus’ possible divine father)
he is imitating Heracles who established the Olympics in honour of Zeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the 3rd option for the foundation of the isthmian games?

A

funeral games in honour of Sciron or Sinis (killed as part of his labors)

Theseus killed Sinis by bending a pine and shooting him to his death

Sciron had travellers wash his feet and then kicked them into the sea. Theseus did the same to him

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Who were the Nemean games held in honour of? When did they start and how often?

A

in honour of Nemean Zeus

started in 573, every 2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Who controls the Nemean Games?

A

city state of Argos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Is the Heracles labor against the Nemean lion an original foundation of the Nemean games?

A

nope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the Nemean games crown?

A

celery in honour of Opheltes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the earlier foundation for the Nemean games?

A

Lykourgos, King of Nemea has a so named Opheltes that the delphic oracle says can’t touch the ground until he can walk

the seven heroes arrive in Nemea looking for water

the nurse puts Opheltes on a celery plant and takes them to a spring

a serpent kills Opheltes

the Seven discover dead Opheltes and hold funeral games in his honour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Archomenos

A

“bringer of doom”
opeheltes
sign of death of Seven against Thebes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the myth of Seven against Thebes

A

Oedipus the King of Theves killed his father and married his mother, discovers the truth and leaves Thebes to his to son-half-brothers Ploynices and Eteocles

the brothers agree to rule Thebes in alternate years but then Eteocles refuses to step down so Policies gets heroes (the Seven) and they attack Thebes

45
Q

What colour do judges wear at the Nemean games?

A

black in mourning for Opheltes

46
Q

Heroon of Opheltes

A

artificially created tumulus

47
Q

Explain the history of where the Nemean games were held

A

Nemea 573-415 and 335-271

moved to Argos from 415-335 because the Temple at Nemea was destroyed due to Peloponnesian war

games moved back to Argos in 271

48
Q

Which of the Stephanotis games were not in honour of the dead?

A

Pythian - were strictly in honour of a god (Apollo)

49
Q

Greek hero

A

a mortal who receives religious worship
presents physical superiority but not moral superiority

need to die

50
Q

Who were the mythic precursors for Greek hero athletes?

A

Pelops, Heracles and Theseus

all had an intermediary status between mortal and immortal

represent a standard to be imitated

51
Q

techne

A

science

52
Q

sophia

A

intelligence

53
Q

Who is the only olympic god that can pass between the realms?

A

Hermes, god of athletic youth

54
Q

Oebotas of Dyme

A

8th century

1st Achaian to win Olympics in Stadion in 756 BCE

received no special honors so he put a curse on the Achaeans so none of them would win

heroized almost 300 years later to lift the “curse” when the Delphic Oracle tells them to (statue set up in 460)

55
Q

Hipposthenes of Sparta

A

7th century

6x Olympic victory in wrestling, son won 5

he is worshipped bc he is one of the most winning Spartans

56
Q

Milo of Kroton

A

never received cult worship

6x Olympic victor in wrestling (31 panhellenic crown victories)

dressed like Heracles in battle

progressive resistance training - lift calf every day

carried a 4 year old bull around the stadium, killed and ate it all

carried his own statue into the Altis (sacred area of olympia)

had superhuman strength, died with his hand stuck in a tree trying to split it, was eaten by wolves

57
Q

Who lost their last Olympics?

A

Milo of Kroton

was still honoured by crowd and carried around the Stadium

(lost to Timastheos)

58
Q

Glaukos of Karystos

A

6th century

straightened a plow with his hands

boxer

Periodonikes

59
Q

Periodonikes

A

won all 4 panhellenic games

60
Q

Kleomedes of Astypalaia

A

5th century

lost bc he killed his opponent in boxing

toppled a school and killed 60 children

locked himself in a chest in a sanctuary of Athens and magically disappeared

was told to be worshipped as the “last of the heroes” by the delphic oracle

61
Q

Theagenes of Thasos

A

5th century

myth as son of heracles

as a child carried a statue bc he was so strong

won olympic pankration, 3x pythian in boxing, 9 nemea, 10 isthmia, even won the dolichos - 1400 victories total

enemy whipped his statue every night, it fell and killed him, it was banished into the sea

famine in thasos, delphic oracle said to bring back the exiles, didn’t work until they got the statue out of the ocean

statue was said to have healing powers

there is an offering box

62
Q

Poulydamas of Skotousa

A

5th century

pankratist, olympic victor in 408

extreme strength, imitated Heracles by killing lion, pulling hoof off bull and killing persian special forces immortals

died from his own strength, holding up the roof of a collapsing cave

his statue was said to have healing powers

63
Q

xystos

A

covered practice track

64
Q

paradromis

A

outdoor practice track beside the xystos

65
Q

stlengis

A

strigil

66
Q

aryballos

A

bottle of oil

67
Q

gymnasiarchos

A

leader of the gymnasion
40-60 years old
elected annually

68
Q

paidonomos

A

decides who “graduates”

over 40 years old

69
Q

didaskalos

A

teacher

70
Q

paidotribes

A

physical trainer

71
Q

kitharistes

A

kithara player/instructor

72
Q

Hermes

A

son of Zeus and Maia

is god of the gymnasion (god of athletic youth)

is not acknowledged as legitimate son of Zeus, doesn’t receive prayer and sacrifice

as a baby he steals Apollo’s cattle and sacrifices them and gets caught by apollo and taken to zeus

he then is acknowledged as a son of zeus - becomes the messenger god, god of transitions and god of exchange (commerce)

73
Q

Herm

A

head on a block with a penis sticking out

there were everywhere i.e. at crossroads, in the gym, in the marketplace

may have had an apotropaic function - i.e. warding off evil spirits

probably a mark of coming of age and becoming a citizen

74
Q

Hermaia festival

A

held in honour of hermes

athletic contests for young boys throughout greece as a coming of age ritual

as a prize youths received shares of sacrificial meat (like hermes)

75
Q

Panathenaia

A

in honour of athena, popularized by tyrant Peisistratus

chrematitic (money) games

celebrated every 4 years

began in 566, guy that popularized became tyrant in 561

76
Q

Panathenaia prizes

A

mousikos agon - gold and silver

gymnikos agon - Panathenaic amphoras of olive oil

77
Q

Describe the panathenaic amphoras

A

had an image of athena on one side and the event on the other plus an inscription that said “Ton Athenthen athlon” - one of the prizes from athens

78
Q

What events are unique to Panathenaia?

A 
apobates 
pyrrhic dance 
euandria 
torch race 
contest of ships
79
Q

apobates

A

means dismount

jumping off and back onto a chariot with a shield and helmet

80
Q

pyrrhic dance

A

dance in armour

3 age categories

sponsored by single, wealthy individual (choregos)

81
Q

euandria

A

manly beauty contest for size, strength and beauty

82
Q

torch race

A

team torch race

ran from one altar of eros to foot of acropolis and another altar, Anteros

83
Q

contest of ships

A

one of the prizes was an ox for tribal sacrifice

84
Q

last day of panathenaia

A

panathenaic procession in order to present statue of Athena with a peplos (robe) and hecatomb sacrifice (100 oxen)

put athens on display

85
Q

spartan mirage

A

both modern and ancient construct of Sparta as a vision of stability, hierarchy and order which all knew their place

contrasted with Athens as a model of freedom and lack of discipline

mirage is that the accounts are all by other ppl so we don’t know if they’re true

86
Q

spartiates

A

full time spartan citizens

87
Q

perioikoi

A

“dwellers around” - independent villages around part that paid tribute to the city-state

88
Q

helots

A

laconians who became slaves to spartan citizens

89
Q

four political institutions of spartan government

A

kings
council of elders
council of ephors
assembly

90
Q

who was the mythic founder of the spartan way?

A

lycurgus

91
Q

kings in sparta

A

controlled war and religion
2 kings from 2 families - Agiads and Eurypontids

so only 1 king could go to war at once

92
Q

council of elders in sparta

A

controlled law

had 28 members

93
Q

council of ephors in sparta

A 
means overseers 
ensured fair play 
only hold office for 1 year 
oversaw the council 
settled all serious law suits
94
Q

assembly in sparta

A

all spartiate males over 30 years old

they choose the elders and ephors

95
Q

Spartan agoge

A

athletic education preparation for war

warden was in charge of the boys, punished them severely for misconduct

there were also assigned to a staff of youths and whipped when misbehaving

96
Q

Altar of Artemis Orthia

A

altar that demands human blood
Lycurgus implements whipping of children there OR children are under fed to encourage stealing and then whipped if they are caught

97
Q

how many olympic wins did sparta have in the 7th century? what about after that?

A

32 in 7th century

only 9 after

98
Q

erastes

A

older male lover

99
Q

eromenos

A

younger beloved

100
Q

spartan paideia and pederasty

A

erastes was responsible for behaviour, especially bravery, of eromenos

101
Q

athenian pederasty

A

torch race from Anteros to Eros - altar of Anteros

vengeance due to failed paiderastic relationship

a guy named Meles (youth) spurned someone in love with him named Timagoras (older guy) and told him to jump off a high rock

timagoras killed himself and then miles saw and had a change in heart and threw himself off too

102
Q

zeus and ganymede

A

zeus took ganymede but have the dad (Tros) immortal horses

made ganymede immortal

his job is to pour nectar and ambrosia for the rest of his life

103
Q

Hermaia

A

boys only initiation as a potential check on abuse of the social institution of pederasty in Ancient Greece

only boys, no men allowed

youths/ageneioi (17-20)
boys/paides (13-16)

104
Q

Where were the Heraian games and in honour of who?

A

at Olympia in honour of Hera, but for women only

105
Q

what is the competition for the heraian games? what is the crown?

A

stadion, 1/6 of the distance

crowned with olive wreath and take part in sacrifice

106
Q

mythic foundation for Heraian games

A

by Hippodameia in honour of marriage to pelops

i.e. because she’s happy about her marriage

107
Q

2nd possible mythic foundation for the Heraian games

A

female ambassadors to make peace between Elis and Pisa and celebrated Physcoa, mortal lover of Dionysos

16 women honour dionysos

i.e. act of peace between the city states of pisa and elis

108
Q

What did sparta train women in and why?

A

footraces, wrestling, discus, javelin

to make them strong for child birth and to give them a share of arete

young girls trained nude beside boys

109
Q

Kyniska

A

first female olympic victor in tethrippon in 396 and 392

sister of King of Sparta

plutarch says it was to degrade
pausanias sais it was empowering

Classics (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions