Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

4 - Hadsoc > deck_2225833 > Flashcards

deck_2225833 Flashcards

1
Q

What measurement shows the rate of global inequalities best?

A

Maternal Mortality Rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define social class

A

A segment of the population, distinguished from others by similarities in labour market position and property relations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give the descriptions for social classes according to the Registrar’s General Scheme

A

1 - professional/business2 - intermedial/lesser professions and trade3 - skilled non-manual4 - skilled manual5 - semi-skilled manual6 - unskilled manual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How can social class be measured/classified?

A

By the individualDependent on the areaDependent on educationDependent on income

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are two standards which are used to help classify individual socio-economic status?

A
  1. Registrar General Scheme2. National Statistic Socio-Economic Classification (NS-SEC)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can inequalities be measured?

A

Socio-economic statusEthnicityGender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What factors are associated with health?

A

Social statusGenderEthnicityAgeDisability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What factors are associated with “sex” as opposed to “gender”?

A

Biological factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What factors are associated with “gender” as opposed to “sex”?

A

Social factors, such as the roles and relationships expected of people from each gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What has a strong link with ill health?

A

Deprivation– The less deprived a population, the higher their life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the Townsend Deprivation Score

A

Score given on the basis of census data. Uses four variables to determine levels of deprivation - unemployment- car ownership- overcrowded housing- housing tenure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the limitatios of the Townsend Deprivation Score?

A

Transient populations are not measuredDoes not take heterogeneity into account

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define ethnicity

A

The identification with a social group on the basis of shared values, beliefs, customs, traditions, language and lifestyles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give some conditions that are linked with certain ethnicities

A

Cardiovascular diseaseCancerInfant MortalityMental Health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the link between ethnicity and cardiovascular disease

A

Highest percentage prevalence in men of South Asian origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the link between ethnicity and cancer

A

Lower prevalence in Black Minority Ethnic (BME) groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the link between ethnicity and infant mortality

A

Higher rates in women of Pakistani and Black Caribbean origin

18
Q

Describe the link between ethnicity and mental health

A

People from Black Minority Ethnic (BME) groups are more likely to be diagnosed with mental illnessHighest reported percentage of poor mental health is in women of Pakistani and Black Caribbean orig

19
Q

Give some health characteristics which apply to males

A

Higher mortality ratesMore suicide and violent death

20
Q

Give some health characteristics which apply to females

A

Higher life expectancyHigher reported mental healthHigher rate of disability

21
Q

What is the Black Report?

A

A report published by the department of health (1980), which gave four theories to explain why inequalities occur

22
Q

What are the four theories that arose as a result of the Black Report?

A

Artefact ExplanationSocial Selection ExplanationBehavioral-Cultural ExplanationMaterialist Explanation

23
Q

What is the Artefact Explanation?

A

Health inequalities are evident due to the way statistics are collected (measurement of class)

24
Q

What are the arguments for the artefact explanation?

A

Concern about the quality of data and method of measurementMostly discredited as an explanation, as if anything data problems lead to under, not over estimation of inequalities.

25
Q

What is the Social Selection Explanation?

A

Direction of causation is from health to social position– sick people move down the social hierarchy because they are unable to work. Healthy people will then move up the social hierarchy

26
Q

What are the arguments for the social selection explanation?

A

Chronically ill and disabled people are more likely to be disadvantaged– Is only thought to be a minor contributor

27
Q

What is the Behavioral-cultural explanation?

A

Ill health is due to people’s choices/decisions, knowledge and goals

28
Q

Give the arguments for the behavioral-cultural explanation

A

People from disadvantaged backgrounds tend to engage in health-damaging behavior whilst poeple from advanaged backgrounds tend to partake in health-promoting behaviours.

29
Q

What are the limitations of the behavioural-cultural explanation?

A

Behaviours are due to social processes, not just individual choice. Choice can be difficult to exert in adverse conditions. Choice can be difficult for people who have a lack of resources

30
Q

What is the materialist explanation?

A

Inequalities in health arise from differential access to material resourcese.g. low income, unemployment, low control over their job, poor housing conditions.People have a lack of choice in their exposure to hazards and these factors accumulate over a lifetime.

31
Q

Give some limitations of the materialist explanation

A

Needs further research as to how exactly material deprivation causes ill health

32
Q

Which of the four theories is the most plausible?

A

Materialist explanation– others do contribute, but not to the same extent.

33
Q

How does income affect health?

A

Relative income has an effect on health– countries with greater income inequalities have greater health inequalities

34
Q

Which countries have the best health?

A

Those which have the most economic quality

35
Q

What is the theory behind income being related to health?

A

Social cohesion is important in health

36
Q

Define inequality

A

When things are different/not equal

37
Q

Define inequity

A

Inequalities that are unfair and avoidable

38
Q

What are some healthcare characteristics of the most deprived groups?

A

Higher rates of use of GP and emergency servicesLower rates of use of preventative and specialist services (cancer treatments)

39
Q

How can ethnicity affect access to healthcare?

A

Language barrier, fear of stigmatising and stereotyping.

40
Q

What is the link to gender and access to healthcare?

A

Women have a higher use of primary care

41
Q

What are the links between socioeconomic status and healthcare?

A

Tendency to manage health as a series of crises– Normalisation of ill health– Event-based consulting may be required to legitimise consultations– Difficulty marshalling the resources needed for negotiation and engagement with health services– Tendency to use more ‘porous’ services – Doctor’s judgements of technical and social eligibility affects referrals and offers

42
Q

What are difference in the use of healthcare service associated with?

A

Social disadvantageEthnicity Gender

4 - Hadsoc (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions