Definitions

Question 0

Unconformities

Answer 0

Differences in the deposition of sedimentary environments

Question 1

Uniformitarianism

Answer 1

the laws of nature in the present were the same in the past

Question 2

Angular unconformity

Answer 2

When the sediments in the stratigraphic layer below are tilted compared to those above

Question 3

Striations

Answer 3

Scratches

Question 4

Law of superposition

Answer 4

What is lower in the stratigraphy is older than that above it

Question 5

Siccar point in Scotland

Answer 5

A point in the stratigraphy where thousands of years of time are missing.
An unconformity

Question 6

Nonconformity

Answer 6

When bedded rocks rest on an eroded surface of crystalline rocks

Ie - sedimentary rocks forming on top of formerly eroded igneous rocks

Question 7

Disconformity

Answer 7

Irregular surface between beds reveals an episode of erosion

Question 8

Original horizontality

Answer 8

Strata are horizontal when they form

Question 9

Lateral continuity

Answer 9

Similar rocks on opposite sides of a gorge of some sort were once connected

Question 10

Greenhouse Effect

Answer 10

The atmosphere holds in gases and heat and makes the Earth’s surface warmer

Question 11

Till/Moraine

Answer 11

Gravel

Question 12

With more CO2 are the global temps higher or lower

Answer 12

Higher. More CO2 means higher temperatures

Question 13

Steno’s 3 laws of sedimentary rocks

Answer 13

1) principle of superposition
2) principle of original horizontality
3) principle of lateral continuity

Question 14

Deltas

Answer 14

Sediments settle out in sequence based on size and shape

Question 15

What shape valley do glaciers leave?

Answer 15

U shaped

Question 16

Which type of sedimentary rocks provide evidence they were found in arid climates?

Answer 16

Halite, gypsum, crossbedded sandstone

Question 17

What types of sedimentary rocks provide evidence they were found in tropical climates?

Answer 17

Mudstone, coal, peat, shale

Question 18

Braided streams have which type of rocks?

Answer 18

Conglomerate

Question 19

When did the Big Bang happen?

Answer 19

13.7 billion years ago

Question 20

How long after the Big Bang did our solar system form?

Answer 20

400,000 years after

Question 21

What were the first elements formed after the Big Bang?

Answer 21

Hydrogen, helium and a lil bit of lithium

Question 22

Where do all other elements on earth come from?

Answer 22

SPACE

Question 23

How did planets form?

Answer 23

Cosmic dust clumps together and materials combine to form larger clumps. EX: dust bunnies in space

Question 24

During what time period did most cratering of the Earth happen?

Answer 24

The Hadean - 4.6-3.8 billion years ago

Question 25

Describe the Hadean crust

Answer 25

Very hot, no rocks really survived. A lot of volcanic out gassing where heat was released. There was a fucking MAGMA OCEAN

Question 26

Solar nebular theory

Answer 26

Theory that planets formed like dust bunnies because of deaths of other stars

Question 27

When and how did the moon originate?

Answer 27

When - 4.5 billion years ago

How - a mars sized object collies with the earth and broke off a section of the earth that formed the moon

Question 28

What gasses do volcanoes release into the atmosphere?

Answer 28

Greenhouse gasses - CO2 and H2O

Question 29

Faint sun paradox

Answer 29

The earth should have frozen due to the lack of heat given off by the sun, but greenhouse gasses from volcanic activity caused the greenhouse effect and kept the earth warm

Question 30

What is the source of water in the oceans?

Answer 30

The h2o in the atmosphere

Question 31

How did oceans form?

Answer 31

When the earth cooled below 100degrees Celsius h2o particles fell to the earth as liquid water and formed oceans

Question 32

When did the earth form? And how do we know?

Answer 32

4.6 billion years ago

We know because of stratigraphy and the rock record