Definitions-genetics Flashcards
Define sex chromosomes
The x and Y chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
Define autosomes
All the chromosomes in a cell other than sex chromosomes
Define homozygous
Having two identical alleles on homologous chromosomes
Define dominant
The characteristic that is expressed in the homozygous condition
Define recessive:
The characteristic that remains hidden in the homozygous condition
Define DNA
Stands for deoxyribonucleic acid; the molecule that determines the genetic characteristics of an individual
Define chromosome
Composed of DNA and proteins; contains the genetic information in the form of genes; thread like structures in the nucleus
Define gene
A section of DNA that carries the genetic code for a particular characteristic.
Define diploid
The number of chromosomes in body cells-46
Define homologous
Chromosomes with genes for particular characteristics.
Define haploid
The number of chromosomes in gametes - 23
Define mitosis
The type of cell division that produces two daughter cells, identical to the parent; involved in growth and repair.
Define meiosis
The type of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell; egg and sperm
Define nucleotide
The building blocks of DNA, consisting of a phosphate and deoxyribose sugar backbone and a nitrogen rich base.
Define punned square
A way of showing all possible offspring from a cross.
