Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > Dementia > Flashcards

Dementia Flashcards

1
Q

Three memory systems:

A

-short term –> long term –> sensory memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How long does information stay in short term memory? long term?

A
  • 15-20 seconds in short term

- days to lifetime in long term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Common dementia symptoms in newly diagnosed MCI patients:

A
  • impaired orientation

- poor short term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Psych symptoms assc with newly diagnosed dementia:

A
  • anxiety
  • depression
  • paranoia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List the 8 primary neurodegenerative disorders:

A

1) AD
2) FTD
3) PD
4) DLB
5) PSP
6) HD
7) WD
8) CJD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the three vascular dementias

A

1) multi infarct
2) Binswangers
3) CADASIL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Three specific infectious causes of dementia

A

1) syphilis
2) Lyme
3) HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

1 Form of Dementia

A

AD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What MMSE score is diagnostic of mild moderate and severe A. dementia?

A

20-24, 11-19, less than 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Symptoms of severe AD

A

apraxia
mutism
no recall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Criteria for diagnosing AD:

A
  • GRADUAL memory impairment affecting social/occupational functioning
  • Cognitive disturbance (aphasia, apraxia, etc)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Three areas of brain + 1 NT involved in pathogenesis of AD:

A
  • hippocampus, cerebral cortex, amygdala

- Ach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Specific cholinergic changes in the brain during AD:

A

1) reduced choline acetyltransferase activity
2) decreased neurons in forebrain
3) loss of nicotinic receptors in hippocampus/cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do presynaptic nicotinic receptors modulate?

A

Release of Ach, glutamate, serotonin, NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gross changes in AD:

A

cerebral atrophy

hydrocephalus ex vacuo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Senile plaques:

  • location
  • makeup
  • stain
A
  • cortex
  • fragmented neurites, astrocytes, microglia
  • silver stain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

NF Tangles

  • location
  • makeup
  • stain
A
  • pyramidal cells of hippocampus + cortex
  • intracytoplasmic twisted filaments
  • H/E
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Earliest AD lesion

A

physiologic lesion of the hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Drug treatments for AD:

A
  • AchEi
  • antipsychotics/ depressants
  • estrogen replacement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the generic name for:

  • Aricept
  • Exelon
A
  • Aricept: Donepezil

- Exelon: Rivastigmine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Benefits to use of Aricept/Donepezil:

A

-Long half life, high bioavailability, not affected by food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Benefits to use of Exelon/ Rivastigment?

A

-No hepatic metabolism/ CYP involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Potential preventative treatments for AD:

A
  • red wine
  • Statins
  • NSAIDs
  • exercise, smoking cessation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

NPH Triad

A

1) Dementia
2) Gait Apraxia
3) Urinary Incontinence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Therapy for NPH:

A

1) spinal taps

2) shunts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Picks Disease:

Prominent early impairments

A
  • language (echolalia, etc)

- behavioral changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is preserved in Picks Disease?

A
  • praxia, visuospatial

- memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Population most commonly effected by Picks:

A

Females over age 60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Areas of atrophy in Picks:

A

1) frontal

2) ANTERIOR temporal lobe

30
Q

Pick Bodies Appearance + Other Path assc with Picks

A
  • intracytoplasmic inclusions (spherical)

- ballooned neurons

31
Q

Locations of pick bodies:

A
  • cortex
  • basal ganglia
  • brainstem
32
Q

Criteria for diagnosis with Dementia + Lewy Body

A

Dementia + One Hallmark

33
Q

What are the core features of DLB?

A

1) fluctuations in cognition/alertness
2) hallucinations
3) parkinsonism

34
Q

Exclusionary characteristics for DLB

A

strokes

other brain disorders

35
Q

STEELE-RICHARDSON-OLSZEWSKI SYNDROME is aka?

A

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

36
Q

Who gets PSP?

A

Males over age forty

37
Q

In addition to gaze deficits, list 4 features of PSP:

A

1) Parkinsonism
2) Pseudobulbar Palsy
(dysphagia)
3) Subcortical Dementia (executive)
4) Language Impairment

38
Q

What is seen on imaging of PSP

A

atrophy of pons + midbrain

sparing of cortex + cerebellum

39
Q

Pathology assc with PSP

A

NF tangles in midbrain

40
Q

Describe Supranuclear Palsy:

A

Downgaze –> Upgaze Palsy
Vertical –> Horizontal Involvement

Apraxia of Eyelid Opening

41
Q

Cortical Basal Ganglionic Degeneration:

Onset

A

M+F over age 70; unilateral onset

42
Q

Survival Rate CBGD

A

5-10 years

43
Q

Clinical Features of CBGD

A

1) extrapyramidal rigidity
2) tremor
3) apraxia
4) alien hand syndrome
5) subcortical dementia
6) SN gaze palsy
7) CS tract involvement

44
Q

CBGD MRI findings

A

assymetric parietal lobe atrophy

45
Q

CBGD PET findings

A

decreased metabolism: thalamoparietal and medial frontal lobes

46
Q

CBGD Pathology:

A

-atrophy, gliosis in parietal + medial frontal lobes CL to involved limb
-degeneration of substantia nigra
(no bodies, plaques, tangles)

47
Q

Genetic Changes assc with HD

A

AD
4
CAG repeat

48
Q

HD symptomatic triad

A

1) Personality changes
2) Dementia
3) Psychosis

49
Q

Pathophys cause of HD

A

degeneration of GABA/cholinergic neurons in the striatum

50
Q

HD MRI findings

A

boxcar ventricles (caudate and cortical atrophy)

51
Q

HD PET findings

A

hypometabolism in caudate and putamen

52
Q

Treatments (3) for HD

A

Haldol
Tetrabenazine
Klonopin

53
Q

Genetic Change assc with Wilsons:

A

AR chromosome 13 =defective Cu binding ATPase = low biliary excretion of Cu

54
Q

Symptoms assc with WD

A

1) dementia, psychosis
2) dysphagia, dysarthria
3) rigidity, tremor

55
Q

Labs assc with WD

A

1) High Ciu
2) Low serum ceruloplasmin
3) High LFTs

56
Q

Pathologic findings assc with WD

A

1) opalski cells (large astrocytes)
2) degeneration, cavitation in putamen
3) red, atrophic BG

57
Q

Treatment WD

A

Penicillamine + Pyridoxine
Zinc acetate
Liver transplant

58
Q

Five important infectious causes of dementia

A

1) HIV
2) SSPE
3) PML
4) Neurosyphillis
5) Prion Disease

59
Q

Diagnostic Criteria for AIDs Dementia

A

2 abnormalities for 1 month

60
Q

Virus causing PML

A

Papova (JC, SV40)

61
Q

Patients Predisposed to PML

A

1) Tysabri
2) AIDs
3) Hodgkins
4) CLL

62
Q

Triad of PML

A

1) Vision Loss
2) Dementia
3) Hemeparesis

63
Q

Pathology of PML

A

1) occipital demyelination

2) oligodendrocytes contain eos intranuclear inclusions

64
Q

Treatment PML

A

1) Vistide
2) Cytarabine
3) HAART

65
Q

LAb findings assc with CJD

A

EEG changes

14-3-3 protein in CSF

66
Q

CJD findings on MRI

A

pulvinar sign (bilateral high signal in pulvinar nucleus of thalamus)

67
Q

Binswanger Dementia Criteria:

A

1) Dementia +
2) (2/3)…systemic vascular disease, cerebral vascular disease, subcortical brain dysfunction
3) Bilateral leukoaraiosis

*Must not be multiple lesions or severe dementia

68
Q

CADASIL Genetic Mutation

A

1) AD
2) 19
3) NOTCH 3

69
Q

CADASIL clinical features

A

1) strokes
2) dementia
3) migraine
4) depression or mania

70
Q

Onset Cadasil

A

20-40, death within 30 years

71
Q

Which of the dementia syndromes show mainly subcortical dementia?

A

-PSP
-CBGD
-WD
(seen also in DLB but not predominate)

Neuro (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions