Depression

Question 1

Behavioural characteristcics of Depression

Answer 1

lack of energy and pleasure in activities

disruption to sleep and eating

Question 2

Emotional characteristics of Depression

Answer 2

-Prolonged low mood

Lowered self esteem

Question 2

Cognitive characteristics of Depression

Answer 2

Inability to concentrate

Negative thoughts/ dwelling on the negative

Question 3

What are the parts of Becks Triad theory

Answer 3

Negative self schemas

Cognitive Biases

Negative triad

Question 4

What is a schema?

Answer 4

An organised unit of knowledge, a package of ideas and information developed through experiences

Question 4

What is a cognitive bias

Answer 4

an exaggerated or irrational thought pattern

Question 5

What do cognitive biases include

Answer 5

Over generalising

Catastrophising

Question 6

What is the negative triad?

Answer 6

Negative view of the self = negative view of the world= negative view of the future

Question 6

Who was the ABC model proposed by?

Answer 6

Ellis

Question 7

What does the A stand for in the ABC model

Answer 7

Activating event

Question 8

What does the C stand for in the ABC model

Answer 8

Consequences = feelings of unhealthy emotions

Question 8

What does the B stand for in the ABC model

Answer 8

Belief (irrational)

Question 9

What does CBT intend to do?

Answer 9

Challenging the irrational thoughts and turning them into rational thoughts. They include a coping mechanism.

Question 10

What is a limitation to the cognitive explanation?

Answer 10

Blames the patient rather than the situation. The focus on explaining depression is on the persons thoughts. This could ignore important factors that could be causing the depression and make it worse.

Question 11

What causes depression biological explanation

Answer 11

Studies show that low levels of serotonin can cause depression. This is evident when patients see their depression improve when they take SSRI

Question 12

Why is the cognitive explanation not enough to explain depression

Answer 12

Because things like the biological explanation also fits with the explanation of depression therefore cognitive explanation alone isnt enough.

Question 13

what does CBT involve

Answer 13

Thought catching - identifying their negative triad

Patient as scientist- the patients test hypothesis

Behavioural Activation- patient is given tasks to complete

Question 14

What is the PEEL paragraph to alternative explanations —

Answer 14

POINT: A bio approach to understanding mental disorders suggests that genes and neurotransmitters may cause depression

EVIDENCE: e.g research supports the role of low levels of serotonin in depressed people and has also found that a gene related to this is 10x more common in ppl with depression (zhang et al)

EXPLAIN: The success of drug therapies for treating depression sugests that neurotransmitters do play an important role. These drugs act on the serotonin system by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin

Question 14

What is the support for the cognitive explanation of depression?

Answer 14

Taghavi et al compared 29 depressed patients to 34 normal controls and measured their irrational beliefs. Depressed patients scored higher in irrational beliefs.

Question 15

What is the PEEL paragraph for application

Answer 15

POINT: practical application to therapy

EVIDENCE: cog explanations have been used to develop effective treatments for depression such as CBT and REBT

EXPLAIN: these therapies identify the challenge negative and irrational thoughts and are consistentgly found to be the most effective drug treatment for depression when used in conjuction

LINK: the success of the treatments at alleveiating symptoms of depression by challlengine irrational thinking, suggests such thoughts had a role in the depression in the first place.

Question 15

WHat is the PEEL paragraph for CBT +

Answer 15

March et al found that cbt was effective as antidepressants in treatinf depression

327 teens has depression

after 36 weeks 81% of the antidepressant group,81% of the CBT and 86% of the combination group has significantly improved

This demonstrates the effectiveness of CBT