Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Podiatry Yr 1 Dermatology > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe a macule

A

Flat, distinct area of discoloured skin less than 1cm no depression/elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Flat distinct area of skin greater than 1cm no depression/elevation ?

A

Patch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Plaque.

A

Flat elevated lesion usually greater than 1cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Elevated solid lesion with no visible fluid, less than 1cm called

A

Papule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe a nodule

A

Elevated, solid lesion greater than 1cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is vesicle?

A

An elevated fluid filled lesion usually less than 1cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

An elevated fluid filled lesion greater than 1cm is called?

A

Bullae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

An elevated pus filled lesion greater than 1cm is called a?

A

Pustule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which 7 colours are used to describe a lesion

A

Black, Blue, Brown, Purple, Red, Yellow and White

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What word is used to describe the size of a lesion?

A

Well demarcated/Non demarcated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Secondary Morphology:
Fissure

A

A split to the epidermis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What word is used to describe dry skin?

A

Serum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Descibe Lichenification

A

Thickened skin, appears leathery, increased creases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Erosion is…..?

A

The loss of the epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ulcer is……?

A

An open wound that has reached the dermis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Psoriasis

A

A chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Most common form of psoriasis

A

Plaque Psoriasis (Psoriasis Vulgaris)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Clinical Observation of Plaque psoriasis….

A

*Inflammatory red,
*sharply demarcated, *circular to oval,
*raised dry, differently sized plaques.
*Usually covered by a white plaque.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is plaque psoriasis usually located on the body?

A

Extensor surfaces, face/scalp , elbows/knees, trunk, neck, palms, soles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name the condition:

*Reddish, drop-like papules and plaques.
*mainly involves the trunk, arms, and legs.
*Onset associated with streptococcal infection.
*Usually resolves

A

Guttate Psorisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is Pustular psoriasis - (palmoplantar) characterised?

A

*White/yellow coalescing pustules on a red base.
(rare form of psoriasis) *Affects skin on palms and soles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the characteristics of Erythroderma Psoriasis

A

*Very rare,
*requires emergency treatment,
*intense burning and itching,
*severe redness covering large areas of the body

23
Q

Explain the process of Psoriasis.

A

*In psoriasis the skin cell turnover rate is 3-5 days.
*Scaly plaque is due to increase in keratinocyte production.
*Redness due to increased/expansion of blood vessels in the dermis.
*pustules due to inflammatory cells in the dermis/epidermis.

24
Q

What changes are observed in the nail from psoriasis?

A

*Nail pitting
*discolouration (yellow/brown) patches beneath the nail plate
*Thickened subungual hyperkeratosis, Onycholysis
* brittle/crumbly
*end stage + complete nail dystophy

25
Q

Aetiology of psoriasis

A

*Genetic disposition
Can be provoked by
*trauma
*Sunburn
*infection
*Systemic drugs
*stress

26
Q

Topical treatments for psoriasis and their action

A

*Topical corticosteroids - Reduce inflammation

*Vitamin D Prep -prevent excessive keratinocyte production

*Coal Tar -Anti-inflammatory, anti-scaling

*Vitamin A - slows down keratincyte production

*Dithranol -Treats plaques

27
Q

Systemic treatments for Psoriasis

A

*light Therapy
-Narrowband UVB light
-PUVA -UVA light plus psoralens
*Biologic Treatments
-Inflixima, Adalimumab, Ustekinumab, Etanercept
*Methotrexate
-Immunosuppressant
*Ciclsporin
-Immunosuppressant
*Acitretin
-Retinoid - slows replication

28
Q

Describe Eczema

A

Inflamed, itchy dry, cracked skin

29
Q

Name some ways eczema is characterised

A

red, brown or purple patches
*vesicles, pustules or nodules
*erosion excoriation, fissures, lichenification and crysting

30
Q

Name some edogenous and exogenous causes of excezma

A

*Endogenous
-Atopic
-Discoid
-Pomphloyx
-Varicose
-Seborrhoeic
*Exogenous
-Irritants
-Allergic
_Photodermatitis
-

31
Q

What is happening to the skin in eczema?

A

Natural barrier of the skin is impaired. Tightly packed skin cells that create the natural barrier of the skin become less tightly held together. This allows ingress of chemical, solvents and water causing inflammation

32
Q

Clinical Observations in mild and severe cases are…..

A

Mild - Dry, scaled, red itchy
Severe- Weeping, crusting, bleeding.

33
Q

Name some of the treatments for eczema

A

*Emollients
*Topical steroid
*Antihistamine
*Paste bandages and wet wraps
*Topical calcineuri inhibitors
-Tacrolimus
-Pimecrolimus
*Immunosuppressants
-Ciclosporin
-Methotrexate
*Biological treatments
-Dipilumab
-Tralokinumab

34
Q

What is gravitational eczema

A

Incompetent venous valves.
venous insufficiency, or poor circulation in the lower legs. Venous insufficiency happens when the valves in leg veins that help push blood back to the heart weaken and leak fluid into the surrounding tissue.

35
Q

Name 2 hypopigmentation conditions.

A

Vitiligo and Albinism

36
Q

Describe Vitilgo and an important advice to give to a patient.

A

*well demarcated large lesions.
*Colour change only
* USE SUN BLOCK
-De-pigmentated areas can burn

37
Q

What is Albinism?

A

*Hypo-pigmentary congenital disease
*Lack of melanin pigment in eyes, hair, skin and colour

38
Q

How does Albinism affect a patient and something Podiatrist can help with?

A

It is associated with vision defects.
Patients may need visual aids, glasses, large print materials, reading lights. Podiatrists need to think of bright lights during treatments

39
Q

What is hyperpigmentation?

A

A skin condition that occurs when the body has too much melanin pigment
- Birthmark, freckles,lentigo, malignant melanoma.

40
Q

Describe what melasma is and some features and causes.

A

*Melasma is a tan/ dark discolouration of the skin.
*Common in pregnant women, women on HRT/ oral contraceptives
*Discolouration disappears spontaneously over several months after giving birth or stopping oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy.

41
Q

What is a keloid?

A

Hypertrophic prominent scar which involves adjacent tissue.
*Occurs after process of abnormal healing
*scar tissue continues to grow beyond the margin of the original wound.
Most common in south Asian, chinese African Caribbean or Black african origin

42
Q

Name some trigger factors that can cause keloid scar

A

Trigger factors:
Post trauma, Surgery, infection abcess, vaccination, burns and acne

43
Q

Clinical observation of keloid scar….

A

Hard irregular shape
maybe asymptomatic
can also be present with tenderness and symptoms of itching

44
Q

Name some treatments for keloid scars

A

Cryosurgery
*Laser therapy
*Subcutaneous corticosteroid injection can help to reduce pain
*compression with silastic gel sheet
*surgical excision
*skin grafting
- caution due to tissue viability and extent of tissue damage

45
Q

A localised overgrowth of blood vessels is called

A

Pyogenic Granuloma

46
Q

describe some features of Pyogenic Granuloma

A

Very rapid growth
The lesion has a regular shape and the surrounding skin will be quite normal in contrast to malignant melanoma

47
Q

What is the treatment of pyogenic granuloma

A

curettage under local anaesthetic

48
Q

Define Bowen’s Disease

A

Cutaneous tumour
-intraepidermal carcinoma
usually benign but has the ability to turn malignant

49
Q

Clincal presentation-bowens disease

A

Erythematous plaque with an irregular border and surface scaling.
well defined border
Oten situated on the leg

50
Q

What is malignant. melanoma

A

malignant tumour of the melanocytes

51
Q

Clinical Presentation of malignant Melanoma

A

A- asymmetrical
B- Border
-Irregular border
C- Colour
-Irregular pigmentation
-colour change over time
D- Diameter usually >6mm
E- enlargement/elevation

Oozing or bleeding
Mild itch

52
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma - describe some features and possible Aeitiology.

A

*usually pink nodule with rough or crusted surface and colour change.
*typical history of lesion that scabs over and does not heal
Aetiology is thought to have strong links with over exposure to ultraviolet light
*occurs on areas of maximum sun exposure, sites of previous radiotherapy, chronic leg ulcers and chronic burns

53
Q

And for basal cell carcinoma

A

Usually shiny or translucent pink nodule
with scaling leads to erosion/ulceration
* common malignant tumour of the skin
* Usually occurs in middle age or people with
long term sun exposure
* Treatment
ꟷ Excision
ꟷ Radiotherapy
ꟷ Topical cream
ꟷ Photo dynamic therapy

54
Q

List 7 important information that need to be included in a GP letter

A
  • Site, * size, * Onset and duration , acute (2wks) and chronic, *morphology, *Surafce features, *Colour, *Demarcation

Podiatry Yr 1 Dermatology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions