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Derm > Derminology > Flashcards

Derminology Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Lesions

A

A physical alteration of the skin considered to be caused directly by the disease process

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2
Q

Macule lesions characteristics

A

flat, less than .5 cm

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3
Q

Patch (lesion) characteristics

A

Flat, >0.5 cm

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4
Q

Papule (lesion) characteristics

A

Raised, domed or flat-top, less than .5 cm

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5
Q

Pustule (lesion) characteristics

A

Raised, domed, less than .5 cm

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6
Q

Nodule (lesion) characteristics

A

Raised, domed, >0.5 cm

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7
Q

Plaque (lesion) characteristics

A

Raised, flat-top, >0.5 cm

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8
Q

Vesicle (lesion) characteristics

A

Blister, less than .5 cm

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9
Q

Bulla (lesion) characteristics

A

Blister, >0.5 cm

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10
Q

Erosion (lesion) characteristics

A
  • Denudation (stripped of covering) of epidermis

- Non-scarring

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11
Q

Ulcer (lesion) characteristics

A
  • Denudation (stripped of covering) of dermis

- Scarring

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12
Q

Wheal

A

edematous (condition characterized by excess watery fluid collecting in cavities of body); transient plaque

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13
Q

Secondary Features

A

changes due to external factors, such as scratching, trauma, infection, or changes caused by healing

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14
Q

Scale

A
  • Thickening of the stratum corneum
  • Adherent
  • White, fine
  • Yellow, greasy
  • Hyperkeratotic
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15
Q

Crust

A
  • Dried endogenous material
  • Serous
  • Hemorrhagic
  • Honey-colored
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16
Q

Excoriation

A

Linear erosions from scratching

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17
Q

Lichenification

A
  • thickening of the skin with accentuation of skin markings

- occurs with CHRONIC scratching or rubbing

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18
Q

Fissure

A

Linear crack in the skin

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19
Q

Petechiae

A
  • Pinpoint red-brown macules due to intradermal hemorrhage

- Non-blanching

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20
Q

Palpable Purpura

A
  • Intradermal hemorrhagic papules and plaques

- Non-blanching

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21
Q

Non-blanching

A

Lesions do not fade with direct pressure

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22
Q

Epidermal atrophy

A
  • “Cigarette paper” wrinkling
  • Red brown color
  • Telangiectasias (visible blood vessels)
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23
Q

Dermal atrophy

A
  • Skin surface is depressed

- May or may not be associated with epidermal atrophy

24
Q

Off-white (hypopigmented)

A

Decreased pigment

25
Q

White (depigmented)

A

Complete loss of pigment

26
Q

Erythematous (red)

A

Inflammation or vascular (blood vessels)

27
Q

Brown/black

A

Melanin (pigment)

28
Q

Blue

A

Melanin (pigment) deposited deeper in skin

29
Q

Yellow

A

Sebaceous (oil gland) tissue or intracellular lipids

30
Q

Ovoid (shape)

A

Oval

31
Q

Targetoid

A

Resembles a bullseye

32
Q

Annular

A

Round with central clearing

33
Q

Linear

A

May occur due to external factors or with conditions that follow developmental skin lines

34
Q

Polycyclic

A

Annular lines are coalescing

35
Q

Sharply circumscribed

A

Sharp cutoff between normal and affected skin

-Suggests a more superficial process

36
Q

Diffuse (ill-defined)

A
  • Edges are blurred

- Suggests a deeper process, such as inflammation of the fat (panniculitis)

37
Q

Scalloped

A
  • When the blisters break, the edges are in close proximity and they leave behind a scalloped border
  • This is very helpful in making diagnosis of HSV infection
38
Q

Geometric

A
  • Most rashes are round in shape

- Square eruptions or those that follow a pattern of an external object suggest contact dermatitis

39
Q

Serpiginous

A

-Wavy, snake-like border

40
Q

Stellate

A
  • Angulated edges

- May suggest process is due to scratching or a condition affecting the underlying vasculature

41
Q

Blaschkoid

A

-Swirling patterns due to post zygotic mutation of melanocytes or keratinocytes

42
Q

Christmas tree

A

Long axis of the plaques follows line from superior and medial to inferior and lateral, mimicking the branches of a Xmas tree

43
Q

Dermatomal (Zosteriform)

A
  • Linear bands that start and end at the midline on the trunk
  • Reflect the nerve supply to the skin
  • Herpes zoster (shingles) is unilateral and occurs in a band-like configuration
44
Q

Koebnerized

A

Koebnerization is a linear collection of lesions arising from external trauma
-Classically occurs in psoriasis

45
Q

Reticulate (Retiform)

A
  • Net-like pattern

- It may reflect the underlying vascular supply to the skin

46
Q

Photodistribution

A

Involves sun exposed skin

Spares behind the ears, under the chin and the anterior neck (shaded areas)

47
Q

Seborrheic Distribution

A
  • Scalp
  • Brows
  • Glabella (b/t brows)
  • Alar creases (creases of the nose)
  • Chin
  • Postauricular sulcus (behind ears)
  • Sternal chest
  • Axillae
  • Groin
48
Q

Indurated

A

Firm to palpation

49
Q

Fluctuant

A

Compressible denoting underlying fluid or pus

50
Q

Burrow

A

Wavy or linear track typical of scabies infection

51
Q

Impetiginized

A
  • Presence of honey-colored crust

- Used to describe wounds secondarily infected with Staph

52
Q

Necrotic

A
  • Black, adherent crust called eschar

- Suggests overlying tissue is dead

53
Q

Pedunculated

A

Narrower at the base of the lesion

54
Q

Translucent (pearly)

A
  • Shiny and see through

- Typical of basal cell skin cancers

55
Q

Umbilicated

A

Central depression

Classic for mollluscum

56
Q

Verrucous

A

Rough, warty surface

Derm (2 decks)

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