devbio plant part

Question 1

which postulates that auxin acts to polarize its own transport, this canalization is an important part of the mechanism that underlies coordinated tissue polarization.

Answer 1

Canalization Hypothesis

Question 2

Auxin flux is under positive feedback control. T/F

Answer 2

True

Question 3

show a dynamic expression in specific domains that reveals the emergence of new cell fates with virtually every round of cell divisions in the pre-globular embryo

Answer 3

WUSCHEL (WUS), and members of the
WUSCHEL-related homeodomain
(WOX) family

Question 4

is required for pattern formation along the
main body axis of the embryo in the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana

Answer 4

GNOM gene

Question 5

regulates the formation of vesicles in membrane trafficking

Answer 5

ARF guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (ARF-GEF)

Question 6

regulates development of the basal cell and its
daughters. Formation of a suspensor

Answer 6

MAPKK kinase gene

Question 7

acts as part of a molecular
switch to regulate extraembryonic or suspensor fate

Answer 7

YDA

Question 8

is an auxin
responsive transcription factor that is
required for primary root formation
and vascular development

Answer 8

MONOPTEROS (MP)

Question 9

genes that mark the
upper-tier cells between the 8-cell and the globular stage

Answer 9

WOX2and CUPSHAPED
COTYLEDON 3 (CUC3)

Question 10

gene that marks the lower-tier cells
specifically express at
the 8-cell stage

Answer 10

PLETHORA 1 (PLT1)

Question 11

HD-ZIP III genes

Answer 11

PHABULOSA
(PHB), PHAVOLUTA (PHV), and REVOLUTA
(REV )

Question 12

is expressed first
at the apical pole of globular embryos and
later on the adaxial side of developing cotyledons

Answer 12

PHV mRNA

Question 13

are expressed
in the center of the upper tier, the
adaxial sides of developing cotyledons, and
the provascular cylinder

Answer 13

PHB and REV

Question 14

Regulates an
Asymmetric Cell Division Generating the
Radial Organization of the Arabidopsis
Root

Answer 14

The scarecrow gene

Question 15

is required for formation of the root
meristem in the Arabidopsis embryo

Answer 15

HOBBIT gene

Question 16

is defined as the development of organs, like roots, shoots, and flowers, either directly from an explant, or from the callus culture.

Answer 16

Organogenesis

Question 17

are endogenous
guide for plant
growth and
development

Answer 17

Phytohormones

Question 18

Phytohormones in plants

Answer 18

Ethylene
Auxin
Cytokinins
Jasmonic Acid
Brassinosteroids
Gibberellins
Abscisic Acid

Question 19

known to be a meristem that provides cells for
postembryonic
growth
and development

Answer 19

Shoot apical meristem

Question 20

The arrangement of flowers on the floral axis is called

Answer 20

inflorescence

Question 21

Two major parts of inflorescence

Answer 21

-racemose which let the main axis continue to grow

-cymose which terminates the main axis in a flow

Question 22

The flower consists of four different whorls

Answer 22

-Calyx, the outermost.
-Corolla, composed of petals.
-Androecium, composed of stamens.
-Gynoecium, composed of one or more carpels

Question 23

what hormones play a
major role in the regulation of fruit set
and in the determination of fruit size

Answer 23

auxin, GA, and CK

Question 24

are formed by growing cells and are
usually considered to be relatively unspecialized and
similar in molecular architecture in all cell types.

Answer 24

Primary walls

Question 25

are the cell walls that form after cell growth (enlargement) has ceased. Secondary walls may become highly specialized in structure and composition, reflecting the differentiated state of the cell

Answer 25

Secondary walls

Question 26

Plant tissues are composed of
three basic cell types:

Answer 26

parenchyma
collenchyma
sclerenchyma

Question 27

organised cellular structures capable of
indeterminate growth contains an organised core of
undifferentiated “stemcells”

Answer 27

meristems

Question 28

Origin of Meristem

Answer 28

Promeristem
Primary meristem
Secondary Meristem

Question 29

Location of Meristem

Answer 29

Apical meristem
Intercalary meristem
Lateral meristem

Question 30

Plane of Division of Meristem

Answer 30

Mass meristem
Plate meristem
Rib meristem

Question 31

are the ones
that occur parallel to the tissue or
organ surface resulting to rows of
cells stacked one over the other

Answer 31

Periclinal cell division

Question 32

In this cell divisions, there is
cleavage at right angles to the tissue or
organ surface resulting to columns of
cells adjacent to one another

Answer 32

Anticlinal cell divisions

Question 33

are functional repetitive units
of a plant, continually produced by root
and shoot meristems throughout a plant’s
vegetative life-cycle

Answer 33

Phytohormones

Question 34

establishes the apical basal (shoot-root) axis, embryonal axis region. Axis divides the embryo or immature plant into regions by the help of embryonal.

Answer 34

Axial Patterning

Question 35

straight line about which a
body or a geometric figure rotates

Answer 35

Plant axis

Question 36

is essential for radial growth

Answer 36

Vascular cambium

Question 37

the ability to grow
in girth in concentric manner. The
first element of the radial pattern
to be specified is the epidermis
primordium, or protoderm

Answer 37

Radial growth

Question 38

had greater cell proliferation
(i.e., mitotic activity) near the tip and a gradient of
maturation toward the base

Answer 38

Acropetal growth

Question 39

The outermost ________ and the underlying
___________ divide pre-dominantly periclinally
and give rise to the epidermis and
subepi- dermal tissue.

Answer 39

L1 and L2

Question 40

divides
in all directions and gives rise to inner
tissue.

Answer 40

L3

Question 41

Slowly diving region but
generally regulates the
division capability of the
regions around it

Answer 41

Quiescent center (QC)

Question 42

Stem cells, not differentiated
(D2-D4 are differentiated layer)

Answer 42

Columella

Question 43

FOCUS OF ROOT
DEVELOPMENT:

Answer 43

1. Root branching
   (organogenesis, lateral roots)
2. Tissue patterning (zone
   of cell expansion)
3. RAM maintenance (tip
   of the root, “stem cells”)

Question 44

Thread-like chain of cells that
forms the earliest stage of
development of the gametophyte
(the haploid phase) in the life
cycle of mosses

Answer 44

Protonema

Question 45

are elongated
cylindrical shaped cells that
form during the development
of the moss protonema

Answer 45

Chloronema

Question 46

are longer and
narrower than chloronemal
cells, derived from cells at the
tips of filaments

Answer 46

Caulonema