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Geography > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of development ?

A

Process of economic and social advancements in terms of quality of human life.

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2
Q

Where does development occur?

A
  • Culture
  • Wealth
  • Education
  • Healthcare or
  • Opportunities
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3
Q

Describe different ways to measure development

A
  • Economy
  • Health ( death rate, life expectancy )
  • Education
  • Natural environment
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4
Q

Evaluate (discuss) different ways to measure development

A
  • GDP/GNP
  • literacy rate
  • Human development Index (HDI)
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5
Q

What is good in measuring development with GDP/GNP

A
  • Straight forward
  • Correlates to: improved health, happiness and education
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6
Q

What is bad in measuring development with GDP/GNP

A
  • it’s and average
  • loss of data: informal sector, negative effects wealth
  • too focused on monetary value
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7
Q

What is literacy rate

A

Percentage of people who can read and write

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8
Q

What is good in measuring development with literacy rate

A
  • indicated the amount of education on offer
  • shows how many children could / couldn’t attend school
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9
Q

What is bad in measuring development with literacy rate

A
  • other skills may be equally or more valuable
  • hard to define and measure equally over the world
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10
Q

What shows Human Development Index (HDI)

A
  • life expectancy
  • education
  • per capita income
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11
Q

What is good in measuring development with Human Development Index (HDI)

A
  • More fair
  • Includes education and health
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12
Q

What is bad in measuring development with Human Development Index (HDI)

A
  • more complicated to measure and calculate
  • it’s still an indicator
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13
Q

What are the natural causes of disparity (difference)

A
  • environmental challenges
  • physical location
  • natural disasters
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14
Q

What are the human causes of disparity (difference)

A
  • bad governance (corruption)
  • lack of education
  • unfair trade within the global economy

(Colonization)

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15
Q

What are the 5 stages of Rostow model

A
  1. Traditional society
  2. Pre-conditions for take take-off
  3. Take-off
  4. Drive to maturity
  5. High mass consumption
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16
Q

What is stage 1 of the Rostow Model

A
  • A subsistence economy based on basic agriculture
  • low levels of technology and limited industrialization
  • limited infrastructure and little economic growth
17
Q

What is stage 2 in the Rostow Model

A
  • Agriculture starts to become more commercialized as mechanization occurs.
  • Emergence of basic infrastructure
  • TNC’s (Transitional corporations) start to invest and provokes the development of industries
  • The investment is known as FDI ( Foreign Direct Investment)
18
Q

What is stage 3 in the Rostow Model

A
  • Political and social reforms and improvements with the industrialization
  • infrastructure continues developing ( often remains only in a few regions in the country = growth pole)
  • Industrialization increases and workers work in factories, process of urbanization
19
Q

What is stage 4 in the Rostow Model

A
  • Growth becomes self-sustaining by improved technological innovations
  • population continues to grow
  • rapid urbanization starts to occur
  • economic growth becomes more evenly distributed throughout the country
20
Q

What is stage 5 in Rostow Model

A
  • industries move elsewhere
  • any remaining industries shift production to durable consumer goods
  • rapid expansion of tertiary industry occurs
21
Q

What is periphery in the dependency theory

A
  • Low- skill
  • labour-intensive production
  • extraction of raw materials given to core states
  • poor
  • underdeveloped states
22
Q

What is the core in the dependency theory

A
  • Higher-skill
  • capital-intensive production
  • higher-cost consumer goods to peripheral states
23
Q

Describe the main points of the World System Theory

A
  • three hierarchies: core, semi-periphery and periphery
  • semi-periphery is between core and periphery states, the states are developed but also undeveloped
24
Q

Describe cons on the Rostow Model

A
  • model is outdated and oversimplified
  • model assumes that all countries start at the same level and with same resources, population, climate, etc
  • the model underestimates the development of other countries in the past through imperialism or colonisation

Geography (2 decks)

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