Development dynamics

Question 1

How do we measure development?

Answer 1

Development Indicators / Human Development Index (HDI)

Question 2

What do economic development indicators include?

Answer 2

GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
Poverty line
measures of inequality
Access to safe drinking water
Literacy rate

Question 3

What is GDP and what does it do?

Answer 3

GDP is the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year, it helps to show what it will buy each country

Question 4

What is poverty line?

Answer 4

The minimum income required to meet someone’s basic needs

Question 5

What are ‘Measures of inequality’?

Answer 5

It measures and shows how equally wealth is shared in the population

Question 6

What is access to safe drinking water?

Answer 6

The percentage of the population who have access to clean drinkable water.

Question 7

What is literacy rate?

Answer 7

The percentage of people of a given age who can read and write.

Question 8

List some HDI indicators

Answer 8

Life expectancy
Birth rate
Infant mortality
Death rate
Literacy rate

Question 9

How might a government affect the development of a country?

Answer 9

Raising or Lowering taxes
Making individual decisions for the country
Managing money

Question 10

What is sustainable development?

Answer 10

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Question 11

What are population pyramids?

Answer 11

Population pyramids show the structure of a population by comparing relative numbers of males and females in different age groups.

Question 12

What is LEDCs?

Answer 12

Less Economically Developed Countries

Question 13

What is MEDCs?

Answer 13

More Economically Developed Countries

Question 14

What can Population Pyramids show us?

Answer 14

It gives us information about birth and death rates as well as life expectancy.

Question 15

Why do many LEDCs have a high number of young dependants?

Answer 15

they have a low life expectancy so they have more children

Question 16

What would a MEDCs’ population pyramid look like? (E.g. UK)

Answer 16

It would have fewer younger dependants and more elderly dependants and straight lines in the middle (economically active)

Question 17

Where is each gender percentage found on the population pyramid?

Answer 17

The male percentage is usually found on the left and the female percentage is found on the right

Question 18

What is Intermediate technology?

Answer 18

Using equipment and techniques that are suitable for their country of use

Question 19

Why is India a pull factor for TNCs?

Answer 19

the population speaks good English,
has strong IT skills
works for lower wages than people in many other countries.

Question 20

What are the advantages of TNCs in India?

Answer 20

TNCs have created jobs and offered education and training to employees
TNCs pay tax to the government, which can be spent on development projects
the additional wealth has led to the multiplier effect

Question 21

What are the disadvantages of TNCs in India?

Answer 21

• many TNCs are owned by foreign countries so economic leakage occurs, where profit is sent abroad
• Factories create a lot of pollution
• the conditions for workers in factories can be very harsh

Question 22

What is the multiplier effect?.

Answer 22

TNCs set up factories for jobs, people who take the jobs earn money and spend it locally. this lets local services have access to more trade, this makes the government have more tax and then the government invests more in infrastructure

Question 23

how do you calculate percentage increase?

Answer 23

Final Value−Starting Value / Starting Value ×100

Question 24

how do you calculate percentage decrease?

Answer 24

starting Value− final Value / Starting Value ×100