Paper 1 - Development Dynamics

Question 1

death rate

Answer 1

number of deaths per 1000 people per year

Question 2

birth rate

Answer 2

number of live births per 1000 people per year

Question 3

life expectancy

Answer 3

average number of years a person can be expected to live

Question 4

fertility rate

Answer 4

average number of births per woman

Question 5

maternal mortility

Answer 5

number if mothers per 100,000 who die in childbirth

Question 6

infant mortality

Answer 6

number of children per 1000 who die before their first birthday

Question 7

dependency ratio

Answer 7

proportion of the people below (aged 0-14) and above (aged over 65) the normal working age

Question 8

GDP PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)

Answer 8

shows what the GDP will buy in other countries (linked to exchange rate)

Question 9

GDP (per capita)

Answer 9

total value of goods and services produced in the year divided by the population

Question 10

human development index

Answer 10

combines wealth, health and education to share a developed country is (0-1 - higher the better)

Question 11

poverty line

Answer 11

minimum income required to meet someone basic needs

Question 12

access to drinking water

Answer 12

the percentage of the population with access to water supply within 1km

Question 13

literacy rate

Answer 13

the percentage of the population aged over 15 who can read and write

Question 14

corruption reception index

Answer 14

uses it a scale from 0-10 (0 = very corrupt; 10 = honest) to rank how stable government is

Question 15

Brandt line

Answer 15

a line that divides the rich north from the poor south

Question 16

high income countries (HIC’s)

Answer 16

a group of wealthy countries mostly in the northern hemisphere

Question 17

low income countries (LIC’s)

Answer 17

a second group of poorer countries mostly in the southern hemisphere

Question 18

middle income countries (MIC’s)

Answer 18

countries such as Brazil and Chile that have a large reserves of raw material which encouraged investment and growth in the 1980’s

Question 19

newly industrialising countries (NIC’s)

Answer 19

the growth was often due to relocation of manufacturing overseas - economies doubled in size between 1988 and 1996

Question 20

recently industrialising countries (RIC’s)

Answer 20

NIC’s that started more recently (past 10 years)

Question 21

transnational companies (TNC’s)

Answer 21

big companies e.g. Coca Cola

Question 22

land locked

Answer 22

only surrounded by countries not surrounded by sea so doesn’t have any ports so makes it difficult to import goods

Question 23

rural isolation

Answer 23

barely any roads so takes a while to get place’s

Question 24

how does living with climate change prevent development

Answer 24

water shortages as temp increases

Question 25

how does increased pollution prevent development

Answer 25

air pollution reduces air quality

Question 26

terms of trades

Answer 26

the value of a countries imports relative to its exports

Question 27

what are the 3 development models

Answer 27

• Rostow’s theory of development
• Franks dependency theory
• the Clark Fisher model

Question 28

top down

Answer 28

organised by government, so lots of money however may not impact local people

Question 29

bottom up

Answer 29

organised by locals so benefits them although they may not have enough funding - relies on donations

Question 30

top down case study

Answer 30

three gorges dam

Question 31

bottom up case study

Answer 31

water aid

Question 32

emerging country

Answer 32

one with high to medium human development and recent economic growth

Question 33

how many stages were there on Rostows theory of development

Answer 33

had 5 stages

Question 34

explain the first stage of Rostow’s development theory

Answer 34

traditional society
- most people work in agriculture but produce little surplus (extra food which they could sell); this is a ‘subsistence society)

Question 35

explain the second stage of Rostow’s development theory

Answer 35

pre-conditions for take off
- there’s a shift from farming to manufacturing; trade increases profit, which are invested into new industries and infrastructure
- agriculture produces cash crops for sale

Question 36

explain the third stage of Rostow’s development theory

Answer 36

take off
- growth is rapid investment and technology create new manufacturing industries; it requires investments from profits earned from overseas trade

Question 37

explain the fourth stage of Rostow’s development theory

Answer 37

drive to maturity
- a period of growth - technology is used throughout the economy
- industries produce consumer goods

Question 38

explain the fifth stage of Rostow’s development theory

Answer 38

age of high mass consumption
- a period of comfort - consumers enjoy a wide range of goods; societies choose how to spend wealth either on military strength, on education and welfare or on luxuries for the wealthy

Question 39

Frank’s dependency theory

Answer 39

a theory that you have the core (takers) then semi periphery and then periphery (makers)

Question 40

colonialism

Answer 40

a form of direct control over territory and its people by an external power

Question 41

neo-colonialism

Answer 41

a form of indirect control in which a dominating power uses a subtle mode of dominance; these subtle modes include financial aid, multinational, business corporations

Question 42

globalisation

Answer 42

the process in which countries have become increasingly connected to each other; this could be to do with the increased spread of technology

Question 43

what are the 4 types of employment

Answer 43

• primary - collecting raw materials
• secondary - take what primary supplies and makes something out of it
• tertiary - providing a service
• quaternary - providing information services

Question 44

rural-urban migration

Answer 44

the movement of people from the countryside to cities