development - normal/abnormal

Question 1

developmenntal milestones

median age/limit age

Answer 1

key stage when new skill developed

median - age when half population achieve a skill

limit- age when skill should have been acquired by 97.5% of children

Question 2

when should children begin walking (limit age|)

Answer 2

limit - 18months

75% by 13mnth

Question 3

cephalocaudal direction is used to describe motor function, define

Answer 3

begins with head- works down body

same with peripheral -> chest (begins with hands)

Question 4

development is divided into which 4 areas

Answer 4

gross motor
fine motor and vision
language and hearing
social behaviour and play

Question 5

child referred if not walking when

Answer 5

18months

Question 6

patterns of abnormal development can be categorised into (3). example of each

Answer 6

delay

• global (downs)
• specific (duchennes)

deviation (autism)

regression (rett’s syndrome, metabolic disorders) loss of skill

Question 7

__ of UK child population has autism spectrum disorder

Answer 7

1%

Question 8

how many children have a specific learning disability

Answer 8

5-10%

Question 9

red flags for development are: 
\_\_\_ of movement
nt reaching for objects by \_\_\_\_
unable to sit unsupported by \_\_\_ 
unable to \_\_ by 18months - check CK 
no speech by \_\_\_ 
concerns about vision or \_\_\_ 
loss of \_\_\_

Answer 9

assymetry

6mnths

12mnths

walk

18mnths

hearing

skills

Question 10

what iis checked if kid is not walking by 18mths

Answer 10

creatine kinase level

Question 11

t/f creatinine kinase is low in duchenne’s

Answer 11

false

vvv high

Question 12

global developmental delay os defined as

Answer 12

2+ of

• gross/fine motor
• speech/anguage
• cognition
• social/personal
• ADL

Question 13

7 medical screening in down’s syndrome

Answer 13

cardiac

vision

hearing (tend to have brachecaphaly)

thyroid function (hypo common)

sleep related breathing disorders (apnea)

different growth
pattern

development

Question 14

duchenne’s features a weakness in the __ __ muscles. which msnoeurvre is used to compensate?

Answer 14

pelvic girdle

gower’s manoeuvre

(bent forward, arms on knees)

Question 15

cerebral palsy is associated with 8

Answer 15

• Mobility problems, spasticity and orthopaedic problems
• Learning difficulties
• Epilepsy
• Visual/Hearing impairment
• Communication difficulties
• Feeding difficulties
• Sleep problems
• Behaviour problems

Question 16

what is the autistic triad

Answer 16

communication
social interaction
flexibility of thought/imaginations

Question 17

other than the triad involved in autism, give 2 other common areas affected

Answer 17

restricted/repetitive behaviours

sensory difficulties

Question 18

investigations in developmental delay

Answer 18

chromosomes fragile x
oligoarrah CGH
neonatal PKU
thyroid
CK 

if indicated:
 MRI brain
  			- EEG
  			- Metabolic studies
  			- Genetic consultation
  			- Others