Development of Organisms Flashcards
What are cells that are in organisms that are multicellular meant to do?
The cells are specialised to do different jobs.
What are the cell of the same type grouped into?
Tissues: muscle cells = muscular tissue.
What work together in organs?
Different tissues grouped together: heart: muscular tissue, epithelial (lining and covering) tissue, blood and nervous tissue.
What is the circulatory system?
When organs work together as body systems.
What is a zygote?
A fertilised egg.
What forms an embryo?
Zygote divides by mitosis: 2,4,8 etc.
What are embryonic stem cells?
The cells are identical and can produce any cell type in the body.
What happens after the 8-cell stage?
Cells become specialised: differentiation and different tissues form.
What are adult stem cells?
Differentiate into a limited number of cell types: bone marrow cells into different bloody cells.
What only happens in specialised cells?
The genes needed to enable the cell to function is switched on: embryonic cells, any gene is switched on.
What are xylem and phloem?
Xylem: specialised plant cells form tissues which transport water and mineral salts
Phloem: transports the products of photosynthesis.
The cells that are in meristems are what?
Unspecialised.
What happens when a meristem divided into two?
The new cell produced can differentiate into different cell types: other stays as meristematic cells.
What are the only cells to divide in plants?
Meristems.
What do meristems produce?
Growth in height and width: by division of meristems, followed by enlargement of one of the daughter cells.
