Development of the Nervous System

Question 1

When does the midline groove on the neural plate become apparent?

Answer 1

Day 19

Question 2

What mechanical process causes the neural plate to roll into the neural tube?

Answer 2

Contraction of actin filaments

Question 3

What is ancephaly?

Answer 3

Failure of the neural tube to close at the rostral neuropore resulting in infants born with no forebrain (stillborn)

Question 4

What are 4 risk factors for ancephaly?

Answer 4

Previous ancephaly
Diabetes
Epilepsy
Drugs

Question 5

What is spinda bifida caused by?

Answer 5

Failure of the neural tube to close at the caudal neuropore

Question 6

What can be given to pregnant women to prevent spina bifida?

Answer 6

Folate

Question 7

What is a disease marker for spina bifida?

Answer 7

Alpha Feto-Protein

Question 8

What are the 3 different forms of spina bifida?

Answer 8

Spina bifida occulta
Meningocele
Meningomyelocele

Question 9

Which structures does the forebrain give rise to?

Answer 9

Cerebral hemispheres
Lateral and third ventricles
Diencephalon

Question 10

What structures does the midbrain give rise to?

Answer 10

Cerebral aqueduct

Midbrain

Question 11

What structures does the hindbrain give rise to?

Answer 11

Fourth ventricle
Pons
Medulla
Cerebellum

Question 12

What is the name of the collective parts of cerebrum that cover the insula?

Answer 12

Operculum

Question 13

Which structure splits the basal ganglia into an ascending and descending bundle?

Answer 13

Internal capsule

Question 14

What does the cerebellum develop from?

Answer 14

Dorsal wall of the neural tube

Question 15

What are the 3 players of the spinal cord called?

Answer 15

Ventricular layer
Mantle layer
Marginal layer

Question 16

What is in the ventricular layer of the spinal cord?

Answer 16

Progenitor cells

Question 17

What is in the mantle layer of the spinal cord?

Answer 17

Neuron cell bodies and glia from cell divisions of the ventricular layer

Question 18

What is in the marginal layer of the spinal cord?

Answer 18

Processes of neurons

Question 19

What do the alar and basal lamina become?

Answer 19

Alar - sensory horns

Basal - motor horns

Question 20

What is the function of Bone Metamorphic Protein (BMP)?

Answer 20

Promotes growth of skin and inhibits neural ectoderm

Question 21

What is the function of noggin, chordin and follistatin in the development of the nervous system?

Answer 21

They block BMP which allows differentiation of neural ectoderm instead of skin growth

Question 22

What do neural crest cells go on to form?

Answer 22

Bone
Pigment cells
Sensory and autonomic system

Question 23

What is the gene mutation in Treacher Collins syndrome?

Answer 23

Treacle protein mutated

TCOF1 gene

Question 24

When does the rostral neuropore form?

Answer 24

25 days

Question 25

When does the caudal neuropore form?

Answer 25

27 days

Question 26

What is the most severe form of spina bifida?

Answer 26

Myeloschisis

Question 27

When do the C shaped cerebral hemispheres develop?

Answer 27

Week 16

Question 28

What does the fornix connect?

Answer 28

Hippocampus with anterior structures

Question 29

Which structures does the fornix loop around?

Answer 29

3rd ventricle

Diencephalon

Question 30

What makes up the metencephalon?

Answer 30

Pons

Cerebellum

Question 31

What is the myelencephalon?

Answer 31

Medulla

Question 32

Name two autosomal dominant conditions that involve defective neural crest cell development

Answer 32

Wardenburg’s syndrome

Treacher Collins syndrome

Question 33

Which gene is mutated in Waardenburg’s syndrome?

Answer 33

Pax-3 deletion

Question 34

What are the clinical features of Waardenburg’s syndrome?

Answer 34

Pigment abnormalities 
Deafness
Constipation 
Heterochromia of eyes 
Telecanthus

Question 35

What are the clinical features of Treacher Collins syndrome?

Answer 35

Undersized jaw (microgathnia)
Conductive hearing loss
Underdeveloped zygoma
Malformed ears