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BIOL1900 > DEVELOPMENTAL > Flashcards

DEVELOPMENTAL Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Nature vs nurture issues in developmental psychology

A

Inborn knowledge vs blooming buzzing confusion

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2
Q

Development issues in developmental psychology

A

Continuous vs stage

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3
Q

Relative importance of early experiences issues in developmental psychology

A

Critical period vs sensitive period

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4
Q

View of child issues in developmental psychology

A

Active vs passive

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5
Q

Relative influence of culture issues in developmental psychology

A

Cultural universals vs cultural relativism

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6
Q

What is the nature view

A

Genetics, hereditary
Predisposition given at the point of conception
Unalterable

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7
Q

Nurture view ?

A

Tabula rasa “blank slate”
Environmental, experience
Contextual influences (parenting, family, school)

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8
Q

Continuous development?

A

Gradual and ongoing changes throughout the life span

Behaviour in the earlier years providing the basis of skills required for later

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9
Q

Stage development?

A

Distinct and separate stages

Different kinds of behaviour occurring in each stage

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10
Q

Who proposed the stages of cognitive development

A

Jean Piaget

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11
Q

Who proposed the stages of psychosocial development?

A

Erik Erikson

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12
Q

Critical period?

A

Normal language development only if exposed to language between 2 years and puberty
(Effects of early deprivation)

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13
Q

Sensitive period?

A

A time when language development occurs most easily
Second language learning
Immigrants to new linguistic environment must move before age 7 to have no accent

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14
Q

Characteristics of an active child

A

Intrinsically active
Innate curiosity
Seek stimulation

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15
Q

Characteristics of a passive child

A

Passively react
Blank slates
Passive recipients

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16
Q

Cultural universals

A 
Appearances 
Activities 
Social institutions 
Language 
Dancing 
Funeral rites
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17
Q

Cultural relativism

A 
Judging cultural practices 
Moral standards 
Slavery 
Eating habits 
Eye contact
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18
Q

Habituation and dishabituation (infants)

A

Decreased interest followed by recovery with new events
Violation of expectation paradigm
(Preferential sucking, looking, cross modal matching )

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19
Q

Attachment

A

Close emotional bond between infant and caregiver

Critical feature of personality and social development

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20
Q

Which theorist proposed cognitive theory

21
Q

What was freud’s theory

Study These Flashcards
A

Psychosexual development

22
Q

What was eriksons theory

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A

Psychosocial development

23
Q

What was maslows theory

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A

Humanistic development

24
Q

Defense mechanisms

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A

Methods for dealing with anxiety (conflict between Id,ego and superego) a

25
Regression
Reverting back to immature behaviour from an earlier stage of development (An adult having a tantrum from not getting their way)
26
Rationalisation
Creating false excuses for ones unacceptable feelings, thoughts, or behaviour
27
What are the main 5 issues in developmental psychology
``` Nature vs nurture Continuous vs stage Critical period vs sensitive period Active vs passive Cultural universals vs cultural relativism ```
28
What are two important factors about psychosocial theory | Who theorised it
Erikson The ego is a positive force in development Importance of cultural and other social factors
29
Who theorised the hierarchy of needs | How many levels?
Maslow | 5 levels
30
What are the 5 levels of the hierarchy of needs | Who theorised it
``` Maslow Physiological Safety Love/belonging Esteem Self-actualisation ```
31
What is the first stage of maslows hierarchy of needs | What does it consist of?
Physiological Breathing, food,water,sex,sleep,homeostasis,excretion
32
Second stage of maslows hierarchy of needs?
Safety Security of: body, employment, resources, morality, the family,health, property
33
3rd level of maslows hierarchy of needs
Love/belonging Friendship, family , sexual intimacy
34
Fourth stage of maslows hierarchy
Esteem Self esteem, confidence,achievement, respect of others , respect by others
35
Fifth and final stage of maslows hierarchy
Self actualisation Morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving , lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts
36
Piaget stages of moral development
Heteronomous morality age 4-8 Autonomous morality age 8 to adult
37
Kohlberg moral development What did he change from Piaget
Took piagets work further and made a 6 stage developmental progression
38
What are the 3 levels to kohlbergs moral development
Pre conventional morality Conventional morality Post conventional mortality
39
What are the stages of preconventional morality
Stage 1: avoidance of punishment Stage 2: exchange of favours Age range: preschool - elementary (some junior high and few high school)
40
What are the stages of conventional morality
Stage 3: good child Stage 4: law and order Age range: few older elementary children, some junior high, many highschool (stage 4 doesn't typically appear until highschool)
41
What are the stages in postconventional morality
Stage 5: social contract Stage 6: universal ethical principle Age range: rarely seen before college (stage 6 is extremely rare)
42
What is trust vs mistrust What are the favourable and unfavourable outcomes
First stage of eriksons psychosocial development ``` Needs met by caretakers Focus on oral sensory activity Age 0-1 Favourable: develop sense of trust Unfavourable: feelings of mistrust ```
43
What is autonomy vs shame and doubt
Age 1-3 years Exploration and freedom encouraged Within safe boundaries Focus on muscular anal activity Favourable outcomes: develop independence Unfavourable outcomes: feelings of self doubt
44
What is initiative vs guilt
Age 3-6 Testing limits of self assertion Exploring and experimenting Purposefully pursue and achieve tasks and goals Favourable outcome: child treated respectfully Unfavourable: parents over control
45
What is industry vs inferiority
6-12 years Focus on attaining competence in meeting challenges Parents, peers, school Develop capacity to cooperate and work with others Favourable: mastery, proficiency Unfavourable: failure, inadequacy
46
What's the difference between the timing and tempo of puberty
Timing of puberty: age at which puberty begins (usually occurs as early as 7 in girls and 9.5 in boys) Tempo of puberty: the rate at which maturation occurs (completion takes 1.5-6 years in girls , 1-2 years in boys) There is no relationship between timing and tempo
47
What are the most important environmental influences in the timing and tempo of puberty
Nutrition and health
48
The timing and tempo of puberty is..
Largely inherited

BIOL1900 (6 decks)

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