DI Quiz 2 Material

Question 1

Is arterial enlargement present in this image?

Answer 1

No.

Venous enlargement is present

Question 2

T/F: Left heart failure is much more common than right heart failure

Answer 2

True!

Question 3

__________ is the growth center for the epiphysis

Answer 3

articular cartilage

Question 4

__________ is the growth center for the diaphysis

Answer 4

Physis (epiphyseal plate)

Question 5

T/F: The probability of developing a growth anomaly with a Salter Harris Type I fracture is very high

Answer 5

False

Question 6

A fracture that goes through the growth plate and down through the epiphysis is a Salter Harris Type _____

Answer 6

III

Question 7

T/F: Salter Harris Type V fractures are easily diagnosed by radiographs

Answer 7

False

• This kinda blows because the probability of an associated growth anomaly is highest with Salter Harris Type V fractures*
• Fuck, man…*

Question 8

T/F: This type IV fracture might have resulted from incomplete humeral condyle ossification

Answer 8

Yeah.

Question 9

The secondary center of bone formation that provides a point for muscle attachment is the:

Answer 9

apophysis

Question 10

T/F: Panoesteitis occurs mainly in the physis

Answer 10

False

Panoesteitis occurs mainly in the diaphysis

Question 11

T/F: Osteochondrosis occurs mainly in the epiphysis

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Majory arteries enter bone through the __________ and may be confused with a fracture

Answer 12

nutrient foramen

Question 13

T/F: Contrast arthrography is useful when evaluating osteochondrosis

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Which is the most frequent site of osteochondrosis in the stifle?

Answer 14

lateral trochlear ridge of the femur

Question 15

What is the most common predilection site for osteochondrosis in the dog?

Answer 15

caudal humeral head

Question 16

If there is a chondral or osteochondral fragment associated with osteochondrosis, it is then termed:

Answer 16

Osteochondrosis Dissecans (OCD)

Question 17

T/F: The arrow in this image is pointing out Joint Fragments (mice)

Answer 17

False

This is not a joint fragment! This is a caudal circumflex humeral vessel.

Question 18

10-month-old lame dog. Diagnosis is:

Answer 18

Osteochondrosis (without joint mice)

Question 19

Is the star on the medial or lateral side of this joint?

Answer 19

lateral

Question 20

Identify the structure indicated by the blue arrow on the cranial aspect of the ulna

Answer 20

Olecranon

Question 21

Identify the structure indicated by the blue arrow on the cranial aspect of the ulna

Answer 21

anconeal process

Question 22

Identify the structure indicated by the blue arrow on the cranial aspect of the ulna

Answer 22

medial coronoid process

Question 23

Incongruity is very difficult to diagnose radiographically. What other diagnostic modalities are more accurate?

Answer 23

CT and arthroscopy

Question 24

What’s that?

Answer 24

Ununited anconeal process

Question 25

Is ununited anconeal process detected in this image?

Answer 25

**No!** *This is a normal secondary center. Presence is _not_ a predictor of UAP!*

Question 26

T/F: CT is necessary to diagnose **fragmented coronoid process (FCP)**

Answer 26

**True** *Medial coronoid process superimposed on radius and ulna in each view. Fragment plane is rarely struck head-on by x-ray beam.*

Question 27

T/F: New bone formation on the proximal aspect of anconeal process is consistent with **ununited anconeal process**

Answer 27

**False** *New bone formation on the proximal aspect of anconeal process is consistent with _fractured medial coronoid process_*

Question 28

FCP or UAP?

Answer 28

**FCP** * Fractured coronoid process* * Note the new bone formation on proximal aspect of anconeal process. THIS IS NOT UNUNITED ANCONEAL PROCESS*

Question 29

11-month-old German Shepherd presented with lameness and pain. Based on the image & what you know about bone diseases, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 29

**Panosteitis** *Note the increased opacity of the medullary cavity*

Question 30

T/F: Panosteitis is associated with 'shifting leg lameness'

Answer 30

**True**

Question 31

4-year-old lame dog. Lameness is most likely due to:

Answer 31

**Fragmented medial coronoid process**

Question 32

In the canine tarsus, the most common location for **osteochondrosis** is:

Answer 32

**medial trochlea of the talus**

Question 33

A radiolucent line in the metaphysis that runs parallel to the physis is seen with *what disease*?

Answer 33

**Hypertrophic osteodystrophy**

Question 34

**Hypertrophic osteodystrophy**: detected or not detected?

Answer 34

**Detected!**

Question 35

Which side of this radiograph is the **left** side?

Answer 35

Question 36

What disease are we observing in this image?

Answer 36

**Legg-Calve-Perthes** * Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head* * Note the widening of the joint space due to hyperplastic cartilage as well as the deformation of the femoral head*

Question 37

**Tibial Crest Avulsion:** detected or not detected?

Answer 37

**False** *This is a NORMAL tibial crest*

Question 38

**Tibial Crest Avulsion**: detected or not detected?

Answer 38

**True**

Question 39

T/F: **Incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle** is best seen on lateral radiographic view

Answer 39

**False** *Can be well defined on a craniocaudal view obliqued 15 degrees craniomedial to caudolateral*

Question 40

T/F: Lysis vs. sclerosis is an important factor that determines aggressiveness

Answer 40

**Fals****e** ## Footnote *Lysis vs. sclerosis is NOT a factor that determines aggressiveness*

Question 41

Aggressive lesion?

Answer 41

**no**

Question 42

Aggressive lesion?

Answer 42

**Fuck yeah.** * The cortex of the radius is pretty much gone. There's also a very indistinct transition zone.* * WOW MOM*

Question 43

What is the most common primary bone tumor in the dog?

Answer 43

**Osteosarcoma**

Question 44

T/F: **Hematogenous bacterial osteomyelitis** is very common in dogs and cats

Answer 44

**False!** *Hematogenous bacterial osteomyelitis is very very very very _rare_ in dogs and cats*

Question 45

What are the two most common subungual tumors seen in dogs?

Answer 45

**Squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma**

Question 46

T/F: The Salter Harris physeal fracture classification system only applies to skeletally immature patients

Answer 46

**True**

Question 47

What is the most common cause of delayed union, malunion, or nonunion in veterinary patients?

Answer 47

**Excessive motion at the fracture site**

Question 48

T/F: There will be no observable callus with direct (primary) bone healing

Answer 48

**True**

Question 49

Which fracture location heals faster: metaphyseal or diaphyseal?

Answer 49

**Metaphyseal** *Metaphyseal heals faster than diaphyseal*

Question 50

The vertebral heart scale (select the most correct answer) * can be used to discriminate enlarged hearts from normal hearts * is essentially constant in magnitude across all normal dogs * has no diagnostic relevance * is most valuable for comparative purposes

Answer 50

**is most valuable for comparative purposes**

Question 51

The double-wall sign is caused by enlargement of the:

Answer 51

**left atrium**

Question 52

What is the normal relationship between parenchymal pulmonary arteries and veins?

Answer 52

**arteries are usually dorsal and lateral to veins**

Question 53

The hyoid bone that divides the guttural pouch into medial and lateral compartments in the horse is the:

Answer 53

**stylohyoid**

Question 54

Most likely Dx?

Answer 54

**atlantoaxial subluxation** *best vizualized on lateral view*

Question 55

Hemivertebra is common in __________ dogs

Answer 55

**brachycephalic**

Question 56

T/F: Subchondral bone lysis is commonly seen in degenerative joint disease of the talocalcaneal joint. Degenerative joint disease of the talocalcaneal joint is infrequent

Answer 56

**True**

Question 57

A hallmark radiographic sign of diskospondylitis is:

Answer 57

**endplate lysis**

Question 58

What is the most common cause of pulmonary arterial enlargement?

Answer 58

**heartworm disease**

Question 59

Where are physeal growth abnormalities most common?

Answer 59

**Antebrachium (distal radial and/or ulnar physes)**

Question 60

What is the only joint that we can see joint effusion radiographically associated with DJD?

Answer 60

**Stifle only!**

Question 61

**Joint effusion:** detected or not detected?

Answer 61

**Detected** *fluid in the joint pushes the infrapatellar fat pad cranially and caudally displaces the fascial stripe*

Question 62

Periarticular osteophytes and enthesophytes are most likely to be seen in *what joint disease*?

Answer 62

**Osteoarthritis**

Question 63

T/F: A tear of the cranial cruciate ligament can be diagnosed using radiographs

Answer 63

**False**

Question 64

The earliest radiographic sign of **canine hip dysplasia** is:

Answer 64

**joint laxity**