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Osces > Diagnostic Imaging > Flashcards

Diagnostic Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

Lateral thorax 01

This German shepherd puppy has been admitted to the surgery for an x-ray of the thorax.

The veterinary surgeon has requested that you set up the equipment and position the dog to obtain a right lateral radiograph of the dogs thorax.

The dog is lightly sedated and therefore conscious

A
  1. Select a suitable sized cassette
  2. Place cassette correct way up on the table
  3. Select appropriate sized stationary grid to fit the cassette
  4. Place fried exactly on top of cassette
  5. Grid correct way up
  6. Patient placed in lateral recumbency
  7. With thorax positioned on the cassette
  8. Place small foam wedges under the sternum to prevent rotation of the thorax
  9. Extend forelimbs cranially
  10. Forelimbs secured with sandbags
  11. One sandbag for each limb
  12. Place sandbag over neck (mid-cervical region) to secure
  13. Sandbags placed over each pelvic limb to secure
  14. Tube head lined up so that the primary beam is positioned over thorax and the cassette
  15. R marker correctly places
  16. Label with identification and date
  17. Primary beam centred over mid-thorax
  18. Primary beam collimation to include: manubrium/thoracic inlet
  19. Last rib
  20. Dorsal skin surface
  21. Ventral skin surface
  22. Labelling placed within primary beam
  23. Collimated area does not overlap the edges of the cassette
  24. Correct positioning for right lateral radiograph of thorax (to include necessary equipment)
  25. Correct centring and collimation
  26. Clarify which anatomical landmarks you used to help you centre the primary beam
  27. Clarify which anatomical landmarks you used to collimagte the primary beam
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2
Q

For a lateral thorax radiograph where should get X-ray beam beer centred?

A

Over mid-thorax

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3
Q

For a lateral thorax radiograph, how should the X-ray beam be collimated to include?

A

Manubrium/thoracic inlet
Last rib
Dorsal skin surface
Ventral skin surface

Include L/R marker and patient label and identification

Collimation not overlapping edges of the cassette

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4
Q

Describe the patient positioning for a right lateral thorax X-ray

A

Patient in right lateral recumbency with thorax positioned over the cassette
Place a small foam wedge under the sternum to prevent rotation of the thorax
Extend the forelimbs cranially
Forelimbs secured with sandbags - 1 on each limb
Place a sandbag over the neck (mid-cervical region) to secure
Sandbags placed of each pelvic limb to secure

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5
Q

Hips 02

The owners of this German Shepherd dog have requested a radiograph of his hips to be submitted to the BVA Kennel club Hip Dysplasia Scheme for Scoring

THe Veterinary surgeon has asked you to set up the equipment and position the dog to achieve this.

The dog is anaesthetised and is being monitored

A
  1. Select a suitable sized cassette
  2. Place cassette correct way up on table
  3. Select stationary grid to fit the cassette
  4. Place grid exactly on top of cassette
  5. Grid correct way up
  6. Patient placed in dorsal recumbency
  7. With pelvis positioned on the cassette
  8. Sandbags or trough used to prevent rotation of the body
  9. Sandbags placed over forelimbs/limbs tied in position to stabilise the patient
  10. Both hind limbs extended causally
  11. Hind limbs firmly secured into positions using sandbags or ties
  12. Hind limbs rotated medically to bring femora parallel to each other (with Patel law facing towards the ceiling)
  13. Hind limbs secured in this position (using ties, tape or Velcro)
  14. Tail lying directly midline
  15. No rotation about the longitudinal axis of the body
  16. Tube head lined up so that the primary beam is positioned over the hips and the cassette
  17. L/R marker correctly placed
  18. Label with KC registration number, date, microchip number
  19. Primary beam centred over pubic symphysis
  20. Primary beam collimated to include: wing of ilium
  21. Mid-shaft femurs (may extend to the patellae)
  22. Lateral skin surfaces
  23. Labelling placed within primary beam
  24. Collimated ares does not overlap edges of the cassette
  25. Correct positioning for BVA kennel club hip dysplasia scheme (to include all necessary equipment)
  26. Correct centring and collimation
  27. Clarify which anatomical landmarks you used to help you centre the primary beam
  28. Clarify which anatomical landmarks you used to hep you collimated the primary beam
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6
Q

Where should the primary beam be centred for a hip score radiograph?

A

Pubic symphysis

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7
Q

What should be included in the collimation for the primary beam for a BVA hip score radiograph?

A

Wing of ilium
Mid-shat femurs (may extend to patellae)
Lateral skin surfaces
Labelling

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8
Q

Describe the patient positioning for a BVA hip score radiograph

A

Patient placed in dorsal recumbency with pelvis positioned on cassette
Sandbags or trough used to prevent rotation of the body
Sandbags placed over the forelimbs/limbs lied in position to stabilise the patient
Both hind limbs extended causally
Hind limbs secured into position using sandbags or ties
Hind limbs rotated medically to bring femora parallel to each other (with Patel law facing up towards the ceiling)
Hind limbs secured in this position using ties, tape or Velcro)
Tail lying directly midline
No rotation about the longitudinal axis of the body

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9
Q

Cystogram 03

This German Shepherd puppy has been admitted to the surgery with recurrent cystitis.

The veterinary surgeon has asked you to set up the equipment and position the dog to obtain a right lateral cystogram.

The dog has be anaesthetised and is being monitored

A
  1. Select a suitable sized cassette
  2. Place cassette correct way up on the table
  3. Select appropriate sized stationary grid to fit the cassette
  4. Place grid exactly on tip off the cassette
  5. Grid correct way up
  6. Patient placed in lateral recumbency
  7. With caudal abdomen positioned on the cassette
  8. Place small foam wedge under the sternum to endure that the median plane of the body is parallel to the cassette
  9. Extend hind limbs caudally
  10. Limbs secured with sandbags or ties
  11. One sandbag or tie for each limb
  12. Place small foam wedge between stifles to ensure that the median plane of the body is parallel to the cassette
  13. tube head lined up so that the primary beam is positioned over caudal abdomen and the cassette
  14. R marker correctly placed
  15. Label with patient identification and date
  16. Primary beam centred over caudal abdomen
  17. Primary beam collimated to include: Umbilicus
  18. Ischium
  19. Dorsal skin surface
  20. Ventral skin surface
  21. Labelling placed within primary beam
  22. Collimated area does not overlap edges of the cassette
  23. Correct positioning for right lateral cystogram (to include all necessary equipment)
  24. Correct centring and collimation
  25. Clarify which anatomical landmarks you used to centre the primary beam
  26. Clarify which anatomical landmarks you used to collimated the primary beam
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10
Q

Describe the positioning for a patient having a cystogram X-ray

A

Patient place in lateral recumbency with caudal abdomen positioned on the cassette
Small foam wedge placed under the sternum to ensure that the median plane of the body is parallel to the cassette
Extend hind limbs caudally
Limbs secured with sandbags or ties - one sand bag for each limb
Place small foam wedge in between stifles to ensure that the median plane of the body is parallel to the cassette

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11
Q

Describe the X-ray collimation for a cystogram

A

Tube head lined up so that the primary beam is positioned over caudal abdomen and the cassette
Primary beam centred over caudal abdomen
Primary beam to include: Umbilicus, ischium, dorsal skin surface and ventral skin surface
Collimation does not overlap the cassette

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12
Q

Where should the primary beam be centred for a cystogram?

A

Over caudal abdomen

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13
Q

Tibia and Fibula 04

This German shepherd puppy has been admitted to the surgery with a suspected fracture of the left tibia and fibula

The veterinary surgeon has asked you to set up the equipment and position the dog to obtain a medio-lateral radiograph of the left tibia and fibula

The dog is anaesthetised and being monitored

A
  1. Select a suitable sized cassette
  2. Place cassette the correct way up on the table
  3. Patient in lateral recumbency
  4. With tibia/fibula region positioned on the cassette
  5. Hind limb closest to the cassette drawn out of the way of the limb nearest the cassette
  6. Hind limb closest to cassette left in natural position
  7. Small foam wedge placed under stifle or under hock to correct rotation of the tibia/fibula
  8. Sandbag placed over foot to stabilise hind limb on the cassette
  9. Tube head lined up so that the primary beam is positioned over the tibia/fibula region and the cassette
  10. Left marker correctly placed
  11. Label with patient identification and date
  12. Primary beam centred mid tibia/fibula
  13. Primary beam collimated to include: stifle joint
  14. Tarsal joint
  15. Skin surfaces cranially and caudally
  16. Labelling within primary beam
  17. Collimated area does not overlap edges of the cassette
  18. Correct positioning for medio-lateral radiograph of the left tibia and fibula (to include only necessary equipment)
  19. Correct centring and collimation
  20. Clarify which anatomical landmarks you used to help you centre the primary beam
  21. Clarify which anatomical landmarks you used to help you collimated the primary beam
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14
Q

Describe the positioning for a left lateral radiograph of the tiba and fibula

A

Patient positioned in left lateral recumbency, with tibia/fibula region positioned over the cassette
Hind limb furthest away from the cassette drawn out of the way of the limb nearest the cassette
Hind limb closest to the cassette left in a natural position
Small foam wedge placed under the stable or under hock to correct rotation of the tibia/fibula
Sandbag placed over foot to stabilise hind limb on the cassette

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15
Q

Describe the collimation for a radiograph of the left tibia/fibula

A

Tube head lined up so that the primary beam is positioned over the tibia/fibula region and the cassette
Primary beam centred mid tibia/fibula
Primary beam collimated to include: stifle joint
Tarsal joint
Skin surfaces cranially and caudally
Labelling within primary beam
Collimated area does not overlap edges of the cassette

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16
Q

Where should the primary beam be centred for a radiograph of the left tiba/fibula?

A

Mid tibia/fibula

17
Q

VD thorax 05

This german shepherd puppy has been admitted to the surgery with suspected distal oesophageal foreign body.

The veterinary surgeon has asked you to set up the equipment and position the patient to obtain a ventral-dorsal radiograph of the thorax

The patient has been anaesthetised and is being monitored

A
  1. Select a suitable sized cassette
  2. Place cassette correct way up on the table
  3. Select stationary grid to fit the cassette
  4. Place grid exactly on top of cassette
  5. Grid correct way up
  6. Patient placed in dorsal recumbency
  7. With thorax positioned over cassette
  8. Sandbags or radiolucent trough used to prevent lateral rotation of the body
  9. Elbows drawn cranially out of the way
  10. Forelimbs secured with sandbags or ties
  11. Tube head lined up so that the primary beam is positioned over the thorax and cassette
  12. L/R marker correctly placed
  13. Label with patient identification and date
  14. Primary beam centred over mid-thorax
  15. Primary beam collimated to include: manubrium/thoracic inlet
  16. Last rib
  17. Lateral skin surfaces
  18. Labelling within primary beam
  19. Collimated area does not overlap edges of the cassette
  20. Correct positioning for ventral-dorsal thorax (to include all necessary equipment)
  21. Correct centring and collimation
  22. Clarify with anatomical landmarks you used to help you centre the primary beam
  23. Clarify which anatomical landmarks you used to help you collimated the primary beam
18
Q

Describe the patient positioning for a Ventro-dorsal radiograph of the thorax

A

Patient placed in dorsal recumbency with thorax positioned over cassette
Sandbags or radiolucent trough used to prevent lateral rotation of the body
Elbows drawn cranially out of the way
Forelimbs secured with sandbags or ties

19
Q

Describe the collimation for a VD X-ray of the thorax

A

Tube head lined up so that the primary beam is positioned over the thorax and the cassette
Primary beam centred over mid-thorax
Primary beam collimated to include: manubrium/thoracic inlet
Last rib
Lateral skin surfaces
Labelling within primary beam
Collimated area does not overlap edges of the cassette

20
Q

Where should the primary beam be centred for a VD radiograph of the thorax

A

Mid-thorax

21
Q

Cervical vertebrae 06

This quadriplegic patient required radiography of the spine.

The veteran ray surgeon has asked you to set up the equipment and position the dog to obtain a left lateral survey view of the cervical vertebrae

The dog is anaesthetised and being monitored

A
  1. Select a suitable sized cassette
  2. Place cassette correct way up on the table
  3. Select stationary grid to fit the cassette
  4. Place grid exactly on top of cassette
  5. Grid correct way up
  6. Patient placed in lateral recumbency
  7. With neck (cervical spine) positioned on the cassette
  8. Small foam wedge placed under nose to correct rotation of the head
  9. Small foam support positioned under neck to correct sagging of the neck
  10. Both forelimbs drawn caudally
  11. Small foam support positioned between forelimbs to ensure that the median plane is parallel to the cassette
  12. Tube head lined up so that the primary beam is positioned over cervical spine and the cassette
  13. Marker correctly placed
  14. Label with patient identification and date
  15. Primary beam centred over mid neck region
  16. Primary beam collimated to include: occipital crest
  17. Level of 1st rib
  18. Dorsal skin surface
  19. Ventral neck region
  20. Labelling placed within primary beam
  21. Collimated area does not overlap edges of the cassette
  22. Correct positioning for x lateral survey view of the cervical vertebrae (to include all necessary equipment)
  23. Correct centring and collimation
  24. Clarify which anatomical landmarks you used to help you centre the primary beam
  25. Clarify which anatomical landmarks you used to help you collimated the primary beam
22
Q

Describe the patient positioning for a left lateral radiograph of the cervical spine

A

Patient placed in left lateral recumbency with neck (cervical spine) positioned on the cassette
Small foam wedge placed under nose to correct rotation of the head
Small foam support positioned under neck to correct sagging of the neck
Both forelimbs drawn caudally
Small foam support positioned between forelimbs to ensure that the median plane is parallel to the cassette

23
Q

Describe the collimation for a left lateral X-ray of the cervical vertebrae

A

Tube head lined up so that the primary beam is positioned over cervical spine and the cassette
Primary beam centred over the mid neck region
Collimation to include: occipital crest
Level of 1st rib
Dorsal skin surface
Ventral neck region
Labelling placed within primary beam
Collimated area dose not overlap the edges of the cassette

24
Q

Where should the primary beam be centred for a left lateral view of the cervical vertebrae

A

Mid neck region

25
Q

Lumbar vertebrae 07

This German shepherd puppy has been admitted to the surgery

The veterinary surgeon requested you to set up the equipment and position the dog to obtain a right lateral lumbar spine radiograph

The dog is anaesthetised and being monitored

A
  1. Select a suitable sized cassette
  2. Place cassette correct way up on table
  3. Select appropriate sized stationary grid to fit the cassette
  4. Place grid exactly on top of cassette
  5. Grid placed correct way up
  6. Patient placed in lateral recumbency
  7. With lumbar spine Region positioned on the cassette
  8. Place small foam wedge under the sternum to ensure that median plane of the body is parallel to the cassette
  9. Place small foam wedge under mid-lumbar spine to prevent sagging
  10. Both hind limbs secured with sandbags or ties
  11. One sandbag for each limb
  12. Place small foam wedge in between stifled to ensure that median plane of the body is parallel to the cassette
  13. Tube head lined up so that the primary beam is positioned over lumbar spine region to the cassette
  14. R marker correctly placed
  15. Label with patient identification and date
  16. Primary beam centred over lumbar spine
  17. Primary beam collimated to include: thoracic-lumbar junction
  18. Greater trochanter
  19. Dorsal skin surface
  20. Mid abdomen centrally
  21. Labelling within primary beam
  22. Collimated area does not overlap edges of the cassette
  23. Correct positioning for x lateral survey radiograph of the lumbar spine (to include all necessary equipment)
  24. Correct centring and collimation
  25. Clarify which anatomical landmarks you used to help to centre the primary beam
  26. Clarify which anatomical landmarks you used to help you collimated the primary beam
26
Q

Describe the positioning for a right lateral lumbar spine radiograph

A

Patient placed in lateral recumbency
With lumbar spine Region positioned on the cassette
Place small foam wedge under the sternum to ensure that median plane of the body is parallel to the cassette
Place small foam wedge under mid-lumbar spine to prevent sagging
Both hind limbs secured with sandbags or ties
One sandbag for each limb
Place small foam wedge in between stifled to ensure that median plane of the body is parallel to the cassette

27
Q

Describe the collimation for a right lateral lumbar vertebrae X-ray

A

Tube head lined up so that the primary beam is positioned over lumbar spine region to the cassette
R marker correctly placed
15. Label with patient identification and date
Primary beam centred over lumbar spine
Primary beam collimated to include: thoracic-lumbar junction
Greater trochanter
Dorsal skin surface
Mid abdomen centrally
Labelling within primary beam
Collimated area does not overlap edges of the cassette

28
Q

Where should the primary beam be centred for a right lateral lumbar vertebrae X-ray?

A

Lumbar spine

29
Q

DV thorax 08

This German shepherd puppy has been admitted to the surgery following a road traffic accident

The veterinary surgeon has asked you to set up the equipment and position the patient to obtain a dorsal-ventral radiograph of the thorax

The dog is conscious

A
  1. Select a suitable sized cassette
  2. Place cassette correct way up on table
  3. Select appropriate sized stationary grid to fit the cassette
  4. Place grid exactly on top of cassette
  5. Grid placed correct way up
  6. Patient placed in sternal recumbency
  7. With thorax positioned on the cassette
  8. Sandbags or radiolucent trough placed to prevent lateral rotation of the body
  9. Elbows drawn cranially
  10. Forelimbs secured with sandbags
  11. sandbag placed over neck to secure the patient’s head
  12. Hind limbs flexed into normal crouching position
  13. Tube head lined up so that the primary beam is positioned over thorax and the cassette
  14. L/R marker correctly placed
  15. Label with patient identification and date
  16. Primary beam centred over mid-thorax
  17. Primary beam collimated to include: manubrium/thoracic inlet
  18. Last rib
  19. Lateral skin surfaces
  20. Labelling within primary beam
  21. Collimated area does not overlap edges of the cassette
  22. Correct positioning for dorsal-ventral radiograph of the thorax (to include all necessary equipment)
  23. Correct centring and collimation
  24. Clarify which anatomical landmarks you used to help to centre the primary beam
  25. Clarify which anatomical landmarks you used to help you collimated the primary beam
30
Q

Describe the patient positioning for a VD thorax X-ray

A

Patient placed in sternal recumbency
With thorax positioned on the cassette
Sandbags or radiolucent trough placed to prevent lateral rotation of the body
Elbows drawn cranially
Forelimbs secured with sandbags
sandbag placed over neck to secure the patient’s head
Hind limbs flexed into normal crouching position

31
Q

Describe the collimation for a VD X-ray of the thorax

A

Tube head lined up so that the primary beam is positioned over thorax and the cassette
Primary beam centred over mid-thorax
Primary beam collimated to include: manubrium/thoracic inlet
Last rib
Lateral skin surfaces
Labelling within primary beam
Collimated area does not overlap edges of the cassette

32
Q

Where should the primary beam be centred for a VD X-ray of the thorax?

A

Mid-thorax

Osces (6 decks)

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