Diet Flashcards
The presence of 3 or more of the following defines metabolic syndrome:
- high abdominal obesity
- high triglycerides
- low HDL cholesterol
- high blood pressure
- hyperglycemia
Risk factors for metabolic syndrome:
- Abdominal obesity.
- Inactive lifestyle.
- Insulin resistance.
With metabolic syndrome, the risk for which two diseases increases?
- cardiovascular disease increased 2X
- T2 diabetes increased 5X
Eating a high fat and sugar diet with a lack of physical activity will lead to:
positive energy balance; adipose tissue forms.
Visceral obesity will develop in a positive energy balance due what 3 risk factors?
- smoking, unfavorable genes, stress.
Visceral obesity consists of the accumulation of adipose tissue in what three tissues?
muscle, heart, and liver.
Ideal body weight equation for men:
- 106 pound for first 5 feet.
- 6 pounds for every inch over 5 feet.
Ideal body weight equation for women:
- 100 pound for first 5 feet.
- 5 pounds for every inch over 5 feet.
Metabolic Effect of Low Carbohydrate Diets:
- reduced insulin; increased glucagon.
- gluconeogenesis occurs; uses dietary amino acids and fatty acids from adipose tissue.
What diet relies on ketogenesis for energy?
- Low carbohydrate diets; adipose tissue utilized.
Effect of Protein Ingestion on Glucose:
- decreases glycemic index of glucose.
- decreases rise in blood glucose following glucose intake.
What two types of fats should saturated fats be replaced by in patients at risk for coronary heart disease?
- Polyunsaturated Fats (PUFA)
- Monounsaturated Fats (MUFA)
How can soluble fiber decrease cholesterol levels?
- binds to bile acids, promoting their excretion.
- plasma cholesterol levels will fall due to increased bile acid synthesis.
Nutrition Therapy for Hypertension:
- Lose weight; increase exercise.
- Decrease sodium and alcohol.
- Increase potassium and calcium.
Nutrition Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease:
- decrease protein, sodium, potassium.
- increase iron, calcium, vitamin D.
- increase MUFA and PUFA.
