Diet and Health Lecture

Question 1

obesity related diseases

Answer 1

• diabetes (insulin resistant)
• some cancers
• hypertension (high BP)
• stroke and heart attack
• atherosclerosis (abnormal blood lipids)

Question 2

risk factors for heart diseases

Answer 2

• family history
• age
• sex
• smoking
• physical inactivity

Question 3

affected by atherogenic diet

Answer 3

• hyperlipidemia
• obesity
• hypertension
• diabetes

Question 4

total blood cholesterol guidelines

Answer 4

• desirable (healthy): less than 200 mg/dL
• borderline high: 200-239 mg/dL
• high (unhealthy): 240 mg/dL and above

Question 5

LDL cholesterol guidelines

Answer 5

• optimal: less than 100 mg/dL
• near optimal: 100-129 mg/dL
• borderline high: 130-159 mg/dL
• high: 160 mg/dL and above

Question 6

HDL cholesterol guidelines

Answer 6

• unhealthy: less than 40 mg/dL
• high (healthy): greater than 60 mg/dL

Question 7

total cholesterol:HDL ratio guidelines

Answer 7

• desirable: 3:1
• increased risk: 5:1

Question 8

triglycerides guidelines

Answer 8

• unhealthy: 200-499 mg/dL
• borderline: 150-199 mg/dL
• healthy: <150 mg/dL

Question 9

diets affect on development of CVD

Answer 9

• lipid levels
• blood pressure
• insulin sensitivity
• oxidative stress

Question 10

effect of dietary cholesterol and fat on blood lipids

Answer 10

• dietary cholesterol: increases total blood cholesterol and LDL in most individuals
• saturated fat: increases total cholesterol and LDL in all individuals
• trans fatty acids: are as harmful as saturated fat
• polyunsaturated fat: decreases total cholesterol, LDL
• monounsaturated fat: decreases total cholesterol, LDL
• excessive CHO intake: decreases HDL and increases triglycerides

Question 11

atherosclerosis

Answer 11

plaque build up

Question 12

reducing CVD risks dietary recommendations

Answer 12

• energy: energy balance or if needed weight reduction
• saturated fats: follow dietary guidelines - reduce further to <5-6% of total kcals if elevated
• cholesterol: <200 mg if elevated LDL or diabetes present
• trans fat: as low as possible

Question 13

dietary patterns should..

Answer 13

• include soluble fiber
• replace saturated fats with unsaturated fats
• follow MyPlate recommendation for fish (preferably fatty fish)
• sodium: follow dietary guidelines
• alcohol: use moderation

Question 14

how much does changing the diet change LDL cholesterol?

Answer 14

• saturated fat: <7% reduces LDL 8-10%
• weight reduction: lose 10 lbs reduces LDL 5-8%
• soluble, viscous fiber: 5-10 g/day reduces LDL 3-5%

Question 15

drug therapy for CVD

Answer 15

• initiated after an adequate trial of diet (6 weeks-6 months for adequate blood lipid response)
• diet modifications should be continued in conjunction with cholesterol-lowering drugs