Differences In Education

Question 1

Out of School factors for gender differences- Girls

Answer 1

Impact of Feminism (McRobbie)
Changes in the family
Changes in women’s employment
Change in ambitions (Sharpe)

Question 2

In school factors for gender differences - Girls

Answer 2

Equal Opportunities
Positive Role Models
GCSEs and coursework (Mitsos and Browne)
Teacher interactions (Abraham, Francis)
Challenging stereotypes in the curriculum

Question 3

Out of school factors for gender differences - Boys

Answer 3

Boy’s poorer literacy skills (Mitsos and Browne)
Decline in traditional male jobs (Mitsos and Browne)
Unrealistic expectations (Francis)

Question 4

In school factors for gender differences - Boys

Answer 4

Feminisation of education (Sewell)
Teacher interactions
Laddish subcultures (Mac an Ghaill)

Question 5

Out of school factors for class differences

Answer 5

material deprivation
Housing
Diet and health (Howard)
Finances (Jesson and Gray, Bernsteing & Young, Tanner)

Cultural deprivation
Parental interest (Douglas)
Parents own education (Feinstein)
Attitudes and Values (Sugarman)
Language (Berstein)

Cultural capital (Bourdieu)

Question 6

In school factors for class differences

Answer 6

Labeling (Rosenthal and Jacobson, Becker)
Setting and streaming (Ball)
Subculture (Willis)
Marketisation polices (A-C economy, educational triage, cream skimming, silt shifting)

Question 7

Out of school factors - ethnicity differences

Answer 7

cultural deprivation
Family structure and parental support (New Right)
Attitudes and values
Intellectual and linguistic skills (Bereiter and England)
Material deprivation
Racism in wider society(Wood et al)

Question 8

In school factors for ethnicity differences

Answer 8

Racialised expectation (Mac an Ghaill, Gillborn and Youdell)
Pupil Identities (Archer)
Ethnocentric curriculum (Coard)
Pupil responses and subcultures (Sewell)
Institutional racism (Hatcher)
Marketisation policies and selection (Gillborn and Youdell)
Assessment Game
New IQ’ism