digestion and the digestive system

Question 1

digestion is…

Answer 1

the process of breaking down food into useable form and making nutrients available to cells

Question 2

mechanical digestion

Answer 2

a physical change that occurs when food is broken down into smaller pieces by your teeth

Question 3

chemical digestion

Answer 3

when food undergoes a chemical change and is broken down into simpler chemicals that the body can absorb

Question 4

function of the mouth

Answer 4

where teeth grind and cut food into smaller pieces and a watery bolus is made by the saliva and is pushed down the throat by the tongue and swallowed

Question 5

oesophagus

Answer 5

a food pipe with a muscular wall that joins the mouth to the stomach

Question 6

peristalsis

Answer 6

muscle contraction that push food own pipes

Question 7

epiglottis

Answer 7

a flab that protects the trachea from food entering

Question 8

function of the stomach

Answer 8

muscular sack that holds and churns food and further breaks it down

Question 9

small intestine (duodenum)

Answer 9

where the pancreas and liver joins to the small intestine

Question 10

small intestine (ileum)

Answer 10

absorbtion of digested food (chemicals) into the blood

Question 11

pancreas

Answer 11

involved in the chemical digestion of fats, proteins and carbohydrates and controls blood sugar

Question 12

liver

Answer 12

produces bile and conducts chemical processes vital to life

Question 13

gall bladder

Answer 13

a green sack under liver that stores bile ready for a fatty meal

Question 14

large intestine (colon)

Answer 14

where water is reabsorbed into the body (blood)

Question 15

rectum

Answer 15

stores waste from large intestine until need to defacate

Question 16

anus

Answer 16

holds faeces in the rectum

Question 17

villi

Answer 17

microscopic finger-like projections on the inside the ileum to increase the surface area for the absobtion of digested nutrients into the blood system

Question 18

how does the shape of villi help absorb nutrients

Answer 18

finger-like projections increase surface area, contain tiny capilleries to carry nutrients to cell, walls of villi and blood vessels are one cell thick so nutrients can diffuse through

Question 19

capilleries

Answer 19

the finest blood vessels that are only one cell thick

Question 20

what is bile

Answer 20

a greenish liquid responsible for mechanical digestion of fats

Question 21

how does bile work?

Answer 21

bile mechanically breaks down lipids to enable chemical chemical digestion.

Question 22

lipids

Answer 22

oils and fats

Question 23

emulsification

Answer 23

chemical digestion

Question 24

vomiting

Answer 24

a way for the body to quickly get rid of bacteria in the digestive tract. sphincters at top and bottom open and food is forced up through oesophagus and mouth.

Question 25

diarrehoea

Answer 25

a qick way for the body to get rid of bacteria and viruses. lining of small intestine becomes inflamed and can no longer absorb water from the faeces

Question 26

heartburn

Answer 26

a burning sensation that rises up the oesophagus when acids touch the lining of the oesophagus

Question 27

appendix

Answer 27

when the opening of the appendix becomes blocked and the appendix fills with mucus and becomes inflamed and swollen