Digestive Questions - 17.1 Overview of the Digestive System

Question 1

What are some examples of mechanical digestion?

Answer 1

• Cutting & Grinding of food by teeth
• Churning of stomach

Question 2

What is the purpose of mechanical digestion?

Answer 2

To create more surface area for digestive enzymes to work (act upon).

Question 3

Chemical digestion requires ____________ to break apart food particles.

Answer 3

Digestive Enzymes

Question 4

Name three important macromolecules (large molecules) that must be broken down (digested) into smaller units.

Answer 4

• Polysaccharides
• Proteins
• Fatty acids

Question 5

Polysaccharides (Large Carbohydrates) are broken down by digestive enzymes into their smallest units called:

Answer 5

Monosaccharaides

Question 6

Macromolecules such as Proteins are broken down by digestive enzymes into their smallest units called:

Answer 6

Amino acids

Question 7

Macromolecules such as Lipids (Fats) are broken down by digestive enzymes into their smallest units called:

Answer 7

Fatty acids & monoglycerides

Question 8

Name the four (4) major organs that produce the digestive enzymes?

Answer 8

• Salivary glands
• Stomach
• Pancreas
• Small intestines

Question 9

The mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines are parts of the _________________ tract.

Answer 9

Digestive (Gastrointestinal)

Question 10

The teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas are part of the _____________________ organs of the digestive system.

Answer 10

Accessory

Question 11

TRUE or FALSE: The digestive tract is a tube that essentially is opened to the environment at both ends.

Answer 11

True, swallow a penny and it comes out the other end.

Question 12

Name the four main layers of the digestive tract.

Answer 12

• Mucosa
• Submucosa
• Muscularis
• Serosa

Question 13

Which layer of the digestive tract lines the lumen?

Answer 13

Mucosa

Question 14

Which layer of the digestive tract is the second layer from the lumen?

Answer 14

Submucosa

Question 15

Which layer of the digestive tract is the third layer from the lumen?

Answer 15

Muscularis

Question 16

Which layer of the digestive tract is the fourth layer from the lumen?

Answer 16

Serosa

Question 17

Which layer of the digestive tract is also called the “mucous membrane”?

Answer 17

Mucosa

Question 18

Goblet Cells secrete _________________.

Answer 18

Mucous

Question 19

What layer of the digestive tract secretes mucus?

Answer 19

Mucosa

Question 20

Which layer of the digestive tract is a “serous membrane”?

Answer 20

Serosa

Question 21

Blood vessels, lymph vessels. and nerves are found in which layer of the digestive tract?

Answer 21

Submucosa

Question 22

What layer of the digestive tract has two major layers of muscles?

Answer 22

Muscularis (muscularis externa)

Question 23

What organ in the digestive tract has three major layers in the muscularis (a layer) of the digestive tract?

Answer 23

Stomach

Question 24

Which layer is responsible for peristalsis, a type of motility?

Answer 24

Muscularis ( externa)

Question 25

Which layer contains lymphocytes and lymphatic tissue?

Answer 25

Mucosa

Question 26

What would be the job of the lymphocytes and lymphatic tissue in the mucosa of the digestive tract?

Answer 26

Check out incoming foreign material and alerting the immune system.

Question 27

What type of muscle is found in the muscularis externa?

Answer 27

Smooth muscle

Question 28

What is the function of the mesenteries?

Answer 28

• Keeps digestive organs in place
• Prevent the intestines from twisting
• Hold blood vessels, nerves, lymph
  nodes and lymph vessels.

Question 29

What is the function of the muscularis externa?

Answer 29

Mix and move the contents through the digestive tract.

Question 30

Smooth muscle, such as seen in the muscularis externa, is voluntary or involuntary muscle?

Answer 30

Involuntary

Question 31

The two serous membranes of the abdominal cavity:

Answer 31

• Parietal peritoneum
• Visceral peritoneum

Question 32

The mesentery is formed by the:

Answer 32

Parietal peritoneum

Question 33

The mesentery has two major functions:

Answer 33

• Holds the abdominal viscera (organs) in place
• Contains blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves

Question 34

The term retroperitoneal means:

Answer 34

Behind the peritoenum

Question 35

The pancreas is lies against the posterior abdominal wall and behind the peritoneum, thus is called:

Answer 35

Retroperitoneal