Digestive System Flashcards
What are the parts of the Digestive System in order?
1) Mouth
2) Oesophagus
3) Stomach
4) Liver
5) Pancreas
6) Small Intestine
7) Large Intestine
8) Rectum
What happens in the mouth?
Digestion starts here where the teeth chew and mix the food with saliva (this contains an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates, amylase).
What happens in the oesophagus?
It links the mouth to the stomach. It is also known as the food pipe.
What happens in the stomach?
Here the food mixes with protease enzyme which digests protein. The stomach contains muscular tissue to move the stomach wall and churn up food. Hydrochloric acid is present to kill harmful bacteria and give a pH for the enzymes to work.
What happens in the liver?
The liver makes bile, which breaks fat into tiny droplets (emulsification). It’s also alkaline to give the right pH for the enzymes in the small intestine.
What happens in the pancreas?
The pancreas contains glandular tissues, which makes three enzymes:
PROTease digests PROTein
CARBOHYDRAse digests CARBOHYDRAtes
LIPase digests LIPids
What happens in the small intestine?
This produces more enzymes to further digest proteins, carbohydrates and fats. Food is also absorbed through the gut wall into the blood, which then takes it around the body to wherever it’s needed.
What happens in the large intestine?
Here water is absorbed so we don’t all shrivel up.
What happens in the rectum?
Food usually contains some materials that we can’t digest. This undigested food is stored as faeces. Egestion takes place when faeces exits the anus.
What is digestion?
Digestion is all about breaking down food.
What are two types of breaking down food?
Breaking down the food MECHANICALLY, e.g. chewing with teeth.
Breaking down the food CHEMICALLY, with the help of proteins called enzymes.
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are biological catalysts - this means they speed up the rate of chemical reaction in the body.
What are the stages of digestion?
The stages of digestion are ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion.
What is ingestion?
Ingestion is the process of taking food, drink, or another substance into the body by swallowing or absorbing it.
What is absorption?
Absorption is the movement of digested food molecules from the digestive system into the blood.