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Human Anatomy > Digestive System 2 > Flashcards

Digestive System 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 functions of the liver?

A

Bile Production
Storage
Nutrient Interconversion
Detoxification
Phagocytosis
Synthesis

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2
Q

What is the role of bile produced in the liver?

A

Neutralizes and dilutes stomach acid

Bile salts emulsify fats. Most are reabsorbed in the ileum

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3
Q

How much bile is produced within the liver in a day?

A

600 - 1000 ml / day

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4
Q

What are the contents of bile produced in the liver?

A

Bile Salts
Cholesterol
Fats
Fat-Soluble Hormones
Lecithin

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5
Q

What stimulates bile secretions in the liver?

A

Secretin (from the duodenum)

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6
Q

Secretin (from the d______) stimulates b_____ secretions,
increasing w_____ and b_______ ion content of the b_____

A

Secretin (from the duodenum) stimulates bile secretions,
increasing water and bicarbonate ion content of the bile

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7
Q

What contents does the liver store?

A

Glycogen
fat
vitamins
copper
iron.

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8
Q

H_____ p____ blood
comes to liver from small intestine

A

Hepatic portal blood
comes to liver from small intestine

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9
Q

What is meant by the term ‘detoxification’ as one process of the liver?

A

Hepatocytes remove ammonia and convert to urea

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10
Q

What substances does the liver also produce?

A

Albumins
fibrinogen
globulins
heparin
clotting factors

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11
Q

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands in the pancreas?

A

Endocrine: pancreatic islets. Produce insulin, glucose, and somatostatin

Exocrine: grape-like clusters form lobules separated by septa

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12
Q

What does the large intestine consist of?

A

Consists of:
cecum
colon
rectum
anal canal

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13
Q

What is the movement time in the large intestine?

A

18-24hrs chyme (partially digested food)

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14
Q

What % volume of chyme is reabsorbed in the large intestine?

A

90%

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15
Q

What is the anatomy of the Cecum of the large intestine?

A

Blind sac
appendix attached
Located between the ileum (distal small bowel) and the ascending colon

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16
Q

What is the anatomy of the Colon of the large intestine?

A

Ascending - up from the cecum, in the lower right of the abdomen
Transverse colon- across the abdomen
Descending colon- down toward the final colon portion
Sigmoid colon-final part of the colon

17
Q

What is the anatomy of the rectum of the large intestine?

A

Straight muscular tube, thick muscular tunic

18
Q

What is the anatomy of the anal canal of the large intestine?

A

Internal anal sphincter- smooth
muscle

External anal sphincter- skeletal
muscle

19
Q

What is the difference between chemical and mechanical absorption?

A

Mechanical: breaks large food particles to small

Chemical: breaking of covalent bonds by digestive enzymes

20
Q
A

Human Anatomy (18 decks)

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