digestive system pt. 2 Flashcards
what is the function of teeth?
mastication
what is the function of incisors?
cutting
what is the function of canines?
stabbing/tearing
what are the function of premolars?
crush/grind
what are the function of molars?
crush/grind
salivary glands break down…
starch
what is the function of the tongue?
move and manipulate food
what are the function of salivary glands?
lubricates food
what is the carbohydrate digestion absorption size?
monosaccharide
what are the pancreatic juice absorption sizes?
amino acids, dipeptide or tripeptide
what is the lipid digestion absorption size?
diglyceride or less
what is the carbohydrate digestion and absorption steps?
- pancreatic amylase breaks dow starch and glycogen into oligosaccharides and disaccharides
- brush border enzymes break oligosaccharides and disaccharides into monosaccharides
- monosaccharides are cotransported across the apical membrane of the enterocyte
- monosaccharides exit across the basolateral membrane by facilitated diffusion and enter the capillary via intercellular clefts
what is the protein digestion and absorption steps?
- pancreatic proteases break down proteins and protein fragments into smaller pieces and some individual amino acids
- brush border enzymes break protein fragments into amino acids
- amino acids are cotransported across the apical membrane of the enterocyte
- amino acids exit across the basolateral membrane via facilitated diffusion and enter the capillary via intercellular clefts
what are the steps to emulsification, digestion, and absorption of fats?
- emulsification via bile
- digestion via enzymes (ex. lipase)
- formed micelles, fatty acids, mono/diglycerides & bile
- micelles enter epi. cells
- inside epi. cells - triglycerides are reformed –> protein coat surrounds triglycerides = chylomicron
- chylomicron leave epi. cell - enter lacteal (lymph capillary); 1 in each villus
In which organ does the completion of CHOs and proteins happen?
small intestine
