Digestive System Review

Question 1

Nutrition

Answer 1

Process by which the body nourishes itself by transforming food into energy and body tissues.

Question 2

Nutrient

Answer 2

Substances in food that supply your body uses for growth, repair, and nutrients

Question 3

List the 5 nutrients used by the body and several foods that each would be found.

Answer 3

Water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals

Water, bread, meats, oranges, tofu

Question 4

List some of the minerals needed by the human body, where you could receive theses minerals and what they would be used for by the body.

Answer 4

Potassium-banana-nerve and muscle function, water balance

Calcium-milk-bone and teeth formation, blood clotting

Iron-meats-it helps to transport oxygen around the body

Question 5

List the 3 types of teeth and what they are used for.

Answer 5

Molars-grind and crush into a fine paste that can be swallowed.

Cuspid and incisors-cut and tear into food

Question 6

Mechanical digestion

Answer 6

The break down of food from large into small pieces.

Question 7

Chemical digestion

Answer 7

Break down of food particles into smaller useable molecules.

Question 8

Absorption

Answer 8

Nutrients that come from the food pass through channels in the intestinal wall and into the bloodstream.

Question 9

List the organs of the GI (gastro intestinal tract)

Answer 9

Small intestine, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, big intestine, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon

Question 10

What is the appendix, what is its function, and where is it located?

Answer 10

Small finger like pouch, acts as a store house for good bacteria, located beside caecum.

Question 11

What is the epiglottis?

Answer 11

A flap of cartridge at the root of the tongue, which is depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the wind pipe.

Question 12

List the accessory organs

Answer 12

Pancreas, liver, gall bladder, salivary glands, appendix, teeth and tongue.

Question 13

Define/describe enzyme

Answer 13

Chemicals that aid in the chemical digestion of food.

Question 14

Lipase

Answer 14

Made in pancreas, secreted into small intestine, digests fats

Question 15

Maltase

Answer 15

Made in small intestine, secreted into small intestine, breaks down remaining disaccharides to monosaccharides

Question 16

Amylase

Answer 16

Made in salivary glands, secreted into mouth, digests starch

Question 17

Peptidase

Answer 17

Made in small intestine, secreted into small intestine, digests dipeptides

Question 18

Trypsin

Answer 18

Made in pancreas, secreted into small intestine, digests protein

Question 19

Pepsin

Answer 19

Made in stomach, secreted into stomach, protein into smaller peptides

Question 20

Lactase

Answer 20

Made in small intestine, secreted into small intestine, digests lactase?

Question 21

Describe the role of insulin in the body

Answer 21

Insulin regulates how the body uses and stores glucose and fat

Question 22

List the symptoms, causes and treatments for diabetes

Answer 22

Symptoms-frequent urination, intense thirst, and hunger

Causes-absence or insufficient production of insulin, or your body not knowing properly on how to use diabetes.

Treatments-controlling blood sugar (glucose) level is the major goal of diabetes treatment

Question 23

Gallstones

Answer 23

Causes-when there’s an imbalance in the substances that make up the bile

Symptoms-intense pain in upper right abdomen, nausea, vomiting

Treatments-surgery to remove the gall bladder, medication to dissolve gull bladder

Question 24

Celiac

Answer 24

Cause-not sure, they think it goes from generation to generation

Symptoms-slowed growth, weight loss, irritability

Treatments-eat foods that don’t contain gluten

Question 25

What are essential amino acids?

Answer 25

Histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine tryptophan and valine

Question 26

What is a calorie?

Answer 26

Units of energy