Disease Dilemmas KI4

Question 1

Cholera Impact on Haiti

Answer 1

363,000 Cholera cases reported,
Haiti is a ‘perfect storm for a massive epidemic’.

Question 2

Nature Of Cholera in Haiti

Answer 2

Cholera endemic in Haiti due to environmental factors and lack of water/sanitation infrastructure.

Haiti’s geography make it susceptible to outbreaks during the rainy and hurricane seasons.

Question 3

Challenges in Cholera Response in Haiti

Answer 3

• $7.8 billion damage from 2010 earthquake affecting infrastructure and government.
• Political instability in 2010.
• Haiti’s long standing poor health system and its underinvestment.

Question 4

COVID Rate Of Spread

Answer 4

• 1st case in Wuhan, China (Dec 2019).
• 22 Jan 2020 - 31 Jan 2020 + 11,000 cases, (x20 in just 1 week).
• 28 Feb 2020 - 30 September + 33 million cases, (1 million per week).
• Cases grew by 590 million till 10 November 2022.
• 10 November 2022 - 13 October 2023 + 73 million but much slower growth rate.

Question 5

COVID Pattern of Outbreak Distribution

Answer 5

• Origin City - Wuhan,
• Initial Spread: China,
• Early Spread to Asia (Japan ,Singapore + S Korea).
• Moves to Oceania (Australia).
• Then Middle East (Iran + UAE).
• In all continents EXCEPT: Europe, N/S America, Africa and Antarctica.
• May 2020 spread to France and REMOTE islands like Fiji, becoming a true PANDEMIC.

Question 6

Red Cross Response To Cholera

Answer 6

• Health Educators deployed for prevention messages and distribution of soap and oral rehydration salt, (ORS).
• Opening of a Red Cross cholera treatment center in Carrefour Feuille due to increased cases around Port-Au-Prince.

Question 7

American Red Cross Response To Cholera in Haiti.

Answer 7

• American Red Cross reached over 214,000 people in Port-au-Prince with cholera programs.
• Distributions include 1.2 million bars of soap, 4.4 million water purification tablets, and 55,000 ORS at 38 points.
• American Red Cross commits over $16 million to address cholera outbreaks.
• Providing cholera programs in 48 camps in Port-au-Prince, neighborhoods, and schools.

Question 8

Governmental Strategies to Mitigate AIDS/HIV

Answer 8

Screening:
- Early screening mitigates chance of HIV developing into AIDS.
- In the UK, the NMDA provide national guidelines for HIV screening.