Disease of oral cavity Flashcards
What are some examples of reactive/inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, and how are they characterized?
Fibroma, pyogenic granuloma, peripheral giant cell granuloma, and aphthous ulcers are examples of reactive/inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity. They are characterized by various presentations such as raised nodular/polypoid fibrous mass (fibroma), polypoid lesions covered by squamous epithelium (pyogenic granuloma), presence of multiple multinucleated giant cells (peripheral giant cell granuloma), and superficial ulceration of the mucosa associated with pain (aphthous ulcers).
Describe the characteristics and treatment of herpes simplex virus infection in the oral cavity.
Herpes simplex virus infection in the oral cavity typically presents with vesicles containing clear fluid, and microscopic examination reveals edema, vesicle formation, and cells with intranuclear inclusions. It spontaneously heals but can recur, especially as recurrent herpetic stomatitis. Treatment usually involves symptomatic relief and may not require specific antiviral therapy.
what are the classification of oral disease?
1.inflammatory
2.precancerous
3.neoplastic
What are the characteristics of leukoplakia and erythroplakia in the oral cavity, and how do they differ?
Leukoplakia is defined as a white plaque that cannot be scraped off and cannot be clinically or pathologically characterized as neoplastic or reactive. It mostly occurs on the buccal mucosa, angle and floor of the mouth, tongue, palate, and gingiva. Microscopic examination shows hyperkeratosis, +/- acanthosis, and +/- dysplasia. On the other hand, erythroplakia is characterized by a reddish discoloration due to a reduction in surface keratin, with cells showing dysplasia. Erythroplakia carries a higher risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma compared to leukoplakia.
What is the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the oral cavity, and what are its common risk factors?
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity arises through two distinct pathogenic pathways: one involving exposure to carcinogens and the other related to infection with high-risk variants of human papillomavirus (HPV). Common risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, persistent irritation (e.g., ill-fitting dentures, jagged teeth), HPV infection (types 16, 18, and 33), exposure to sunlight, and betel and arecanuts chewing.
How does oral SCC progress, and what are its common locations?
The progression of oral SCC is a multi-step process, and its common locations include the ventral surface of the tongue, floor of the mouth, lower lip, soft palate, and gingiva. It can present with various morphologies such as ulcerative, verrucous, nodular/plaque-like lesions. The tumor can spread to cervical lymph nodes, mediastinal lymph nodes, lung, liver, and bone.
Outline the treatment options for oral SCC based on tumor stage.
The treatment options for oral SCC depend on the stage of the tumor and may include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The choice of treatment is determined based on factors such as tumor size, location, and extent of spread.
