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Animal Health > Diseases > Flashcards

Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is rabies?

A

a virus that attacks the nervous system spread through bites from infected animals

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2
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of rabies?

A

behavioural changes
aggression
sensitivity to light
fever
paralysis of the jaw
foaming at the mouth

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3
Q

What is the treatment for rabies?

A

once the disease has developed there is no cure

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4
Q

What prevention and control methods are there to stop the spread of rabies?

A

vaccinations

domesticated animals should avoid wild animals

quarantining animals for up to 4 months that come into the UK from other countries

isolating animals suspected to have the disease

putting down animals that have been confirmed to have the disease

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5
Q

What is avian influenza?

A

a virus that is transmitted by direct contact between birds or through bodily fluids and faeces

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6
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of avian influenza?

A

swollen head
breathing problems
coughing
sneezing
blue tinge to the head
diarrhoea
reduced appetite
fewer laid eggs

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7
Q

What is the treatment for avian influenza?

A

there are two types of avian influenza

birds with the low pathogenicity version will recover by themselves

birds with the high pathogenicity version will likely die since this version is deadly and there is no known cure

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8
Q

What prevention and control methods are there to stop the spread of avian influenza?

A

vaccinations have been developed but their effectiveness is uncertain

birds with symptoms should be isolated

quarantine birds in high risk areas

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9
Q

What is swine flu?

A

a virus that spreads between pigs through direct contact and airborne transmission

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10
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of swine flu?

A

breathing difficulties
coughing
sneezing
reduced appetite
weight loss

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11
Q

What is the treatment for swine flu?

A

rarely fatal

rest and recuperation for infected pigs

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12
Q

What prevention and control methods are there to stop the spread of swine flu?

A

vaccines available but not always effective because the virus mutates into new strains

preventing contact between healthy and infected pigs

cleaning and disinfecting areas where infected pigs have been

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13
Q

What is bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)?

A

a very serious disease which affects the central nervous system of cattle and is due to problems with a specific protein

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14
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of BSE?

A

loss of muscle control
problems with balance and coordination
mood and behavioural changes

the disease has a long incubation period which means cows may not display symptoms for years

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15
Q

What is the treatment for BSE?

A

currently no cure

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16
Q

What prevention and control methods are there to stop the spread of BSE?

A

caused by cows being fed infected cows or sheep in the form of meat and bone meal (MBM)

there is a ban on feeding MBM to cattle

strict rules about disposal of carcasses in slaughterhouses
the brain and spinal cord are categorised as Specified Risk Material and are removed in abattoirs before any meat processing

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17
Q

What is tuberculosis?

A

a bacterial disease that normally produces nodules in the lungs of mammals and birds

transmission is airborne due to coughing or sneezing

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18
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of tuberculosis?

A

take some time to develop

loss of appetite
fever
coughing
diarrhoea
prominent lymph nodes

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19
Q

What is the treatment for tuberculosis?

A

animals are rarely treated for the disease

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20
Q

What prevention and controls methods are there to stop the spread of tuberculosis?

A

slaughter of infected animals

vaccinations

cattle are tested for the disease every four years in high risk areas

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21
Q

What is bluetongue?

A

a viral disease transmitted through midge bites

most common in sheep

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22
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of bluetongue?

A

fever
swollen face
nasal discharge and salivation
foot lesions
blue tongue

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23
Q

What is the treatment for bluetongue?

A

no treatment available

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24
Q

What prevention and controls methods are there to stop the spread of bluetongue?

A

vaccinations

isolation of infected animals

control of midge

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25
Q

What is foot and mouth disease?

A

an infectious viral disease affecting cattle, goats, sheep, pigs and other hooved animals

spread by direct contact, through airborne transmission or by fomites

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26
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of foot and mouth disease?

A

fever
blisters in the mouth
excessive salivation and drooling
blistering on the feet

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27
Q

What is the treatment for foot and mouth disease?

A

no treatment

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28
Q

What prevention and control methods are there to stop the spread of foot and mouth disease?

A

vaccination but not always effective as the virus continually evolves

isolation and disinfection are applied to affected farms

infected animals and animals in a zone near to the outbreak are culled

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29
Q

What is newcastle disease?

A

an infectious viral disease affecting birds, spread through direct contact with infected birds and their bodily fluids and also through fomites

30
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of newcastle disease?

A

breathing difficulties
coughing
depressed appearance
twisted head/neck
reduced egg production

31
Q

What prevention and control methods are there to top the spread of newcastle disease?

A

vaccinations

isolation of infected animals

32
Q

What is ringworm?

A

a fungus which lives in the top layer of the skin and in hair follicles

spread through direct contact

not life-threatening

33
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of ringworm?

A

circular patches
red and scabby skin
patches of hair and fur loss
dry and brittle coat
brittle claws

34
Q

What is the treatment for ringworm?

A

topical treatments

anti-fungal oral medication

cleaning and treatment to the animal’s environment

35
Q

What prevention and control methods are there to stop the spread of ringworm?

A

keeping the animal’s environment clean

36
Q

What is salmonella?

A

a bacterial infection of the intestine that many animals carry without becoming ill

bacteria can be passed on to unborn animals from their mother or by direct contact

bacteria is present in faeces and can contaminate the environment

can be spread through eating contaminated meat or animal products

37
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of salmonella?

A

diarrhoea
vomiting
fever
loss of appetite

38
Q

What is the treatment for salmonella?

A

antibiotics
ensuring the animal is sufficiently hydrated

39
Q

What prevention and control methods are there to stop the spread of salmonella?

A

keeping the animal’s environment clean

cleaning up faeces

40
Q

What is campylobacter?

A

a bacterial infection that lives in the gut

many animals have the bacteria but do not get ill

bacteria can be passed on to unborn animals from the mother or by direct contact

bacteria is present in faeces

spread through eating contaminated meat or animal products

particularly common in poultry

41
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of campylobacter?

A

fever
diarrhoea
lack of appetite
vomiting

42
Q

What is the treatment for campylobacter?

A

antibiotics are available for acute cases involving pets

43
Q

What prevention and control methods are there to stop the spread of campylobacter?

A

vaccination

keeping the animal’s environment clean

cleaning up animal faeces to prevent contamination of water supplies

44
Q

What is cat scratch fever?

A

a bacterial infection carried by cats but they rarely get ill

it spreads between cats through a flea vector

can affect other animals

45
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of cat scratch fever?

A

fever
swelling of lymph nodes
coughing
lesions on the skin
weight loss
tiredness

46
Q

What is the treatment for cat scratch fever?

A

antibiotics

47
Q

What prevention and control methods are there to stop the spread of cat scratch fever?

A

prevention of fleas and ticks

48
Q

What is leptospirosis?

A

a bacterial disease spread through the urine of animals

often passed on through contaminated water

49
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of leptospirosis?

A

vomiting
fever
abdominal pain
diarrhoea
weakness
loss of appetite

50
Q

What is the treatment for leptospirosis?

A

antibiotics

51
Q

What prevention and control methods are there to stop the spread of leptospirosis?

A

rodents such as rats and mice are often responsible for infection so limiting exposure to them helps prevent the disease

vaccinations are also available but not always 100% effective

52
Q

What is lyme’s disease?

A

a bacterial disease transmitted by a tick vector

it is not transmitted directly from animal to animal

53
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of lyme’s disease?

A

fever
swelling of joints
loss of appetite
lameness

54
Q

What is the treatment for lyme’s disease?

A

antibiotics

55
Q

What prevention and control methods are there to stop the spread of lyme’s disease?

A

avoid wild areas where the ticks are found - woods, marshes, tall grasses and clear overgrown vegetation near animal enclosures

use tick prevention measures

vaccinations are also available

56
Q

What is psittacosis?

A

caused by a bacteria

also known as parrot fever

can occur in a number of different animals with different symptoms

spread through faces or other bodily secretions

57
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of psittacosis?

A

in birds

eye discharge
breathing problems
diarrhoea
loss of appetite
lethargy

58
Q

What is the treatment for psittacosis?

A

antibiotics

59
Q

What prevention and control methods are there to stop the spread of psittacosis?

A

disinfection and cleanliness

avoidance with wild birds

60
Q

What is cheyletiella?

A

mites that live on the surface of the skin that look like dandruff

more common in dogs, cats and rabbits

61
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of cheyletiella?

A

white flakes in the coat
itching
loss of hair or fur

62
Q

What is the treatment for cheyletiella?

A

usual topical treatments for removing mites - medicated shampoos, sprays and dips

63
Q

What prevention and control methods are there to stop the spread of cheyletiella?

A

normally spread through close contact of infected animals

prevent contact with infected animals

64
Q

What is sarcoptic mange?

A

a disease of the skin caused by a mite that burrows through the skin

spread through direct contact or via fomites

65
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of sarcoptic mange?

A

itching
loss of hair or fur
skin rash
red lesions

66
Q

What is the treatment for sarcoptic mange?

A

topical treatment (medicated shampoos and dips) for mites with an antibiotic oral treatment for infections due to damaged skin

treatments kill the mites but not the eggs so repeat treatments are necessary

67
Q

What prevention and control methods are there to stop the spread of sarcoptic mange?

A

spread through close contact of animals

infected animals should be isolated and all areas washed and disinfected

68
Q

What is toxoplasmosis?

A

a parasite found in most mammals but cats are a host for it’s lifecycle which means it can only lay eggs in a cat

cat faeces and the environment in which they are deposited are infectious to cats and other animals

can cause pregnant ewes and goats to abort

69
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of toxoplasmosis?

A

most cats will not show any symptoms of infection

their faeces are dangerous for pregnant sheep and goats

70
Q

What is the treatment for toxoplasmosis?

A

antibiotics are available for cats who are affected by the disease

71
Q

What prevention and control methods are there to stop the spread of toxoplasmosis?

A

keep cats away from mice as this is how cats become infected

keep cats away from pregnant ewes and goats

no vaccine

Animal Health (15 decks)

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