Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

From Flashcardlet > Diseases/Syndromes/Symptoms > Flashcards

Diseases/Syndromes/Symptoms Flashcards

1
Q

Trachoma

A

A type of chronic conjunctivits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Strep throat

  • usual cause
  • clinical feature
A

Usually caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. White plaques on pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Diphtheria

  • usual cause
  • pathogenesis
A

Usually caused by Corynebacterium diptheriae

Pus membranes occlude the airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are sinus tracts?

A

holes that the body makes to get rid of waste (e.g. pus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Syphillis

  • usual cause
  • hallmarks
A

Caused by Treponema pallidum. Hallmark in painless penile chancre and blanching flat rash on the plams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tabes dorsalis

  • AKA
  • impairment
A

AKA syphilitic myeolopathy is the demyelination of nerves, loss of proprioception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tabetic gait

-Definition

A

High-stepping gait of untreated syphillis where the pt’s feet slap the ground due to loss of proprioception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hutchinson teeth

  • features
  • usual cause
A

peg-like teeth resulting from congenital syphillis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the inside of the heart and valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Rocky mountain spotted fever

  • usual cause
  • clinical features
A

caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, characterized by fever and rash (including palmar rash)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Bone infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis

A

Infection that spreads along the fascia causing necrosis by toxin release/immune system activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Rheumatic fever

  • cause
  • S/S
A

Caused by GAS usually following pharyngitis. Caused by autoimmune cross reactivity… Involves skin, joints, heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Staghorn renal stones

A

Stones that involve the renal pelvis and extend into at least 2 calyces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Otitis externa

  • definition
  • S/S
A

Inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal. Ear canal swells and becomes painful/tender.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Inflammation of the epiglottis. Strider, difficulty swallowing, fever, thumbprint sign on radiograph. Typically affects children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lichen planus

  • S/S
  • cause
A

Dermatological condition characterized by polygonal raised papule. Autoimmune.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Papule
Plaque
Macule

A

Papule- solid, elevated lesion less than 0.5 cm in size as in lichen planus
Plaque: plateau like elevation with diameter >0.5 cm, as in psoriasis
Macule: flat, change in color spot
Patch: a macule > 0.5 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mucous lining of any structures of the mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Brucellosis

  • cause
  • source
A

From infection with Brucella spp. Usually from eating unpasteurized milk products. No human-human transmission.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Behçet’s disease

  • definition
  • common presentation
A

Rare immune mediated systemic vasculitis. Often presents with mucosal ulcers ( genital and oral most commonly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ileus

A

Disruption of the normal propulsive ability of the GI tract by non-mechanical means.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pyuria

A

Urine containing pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Potential sequelae of enteric infections

A

1) Autoimmune phenomena ( reactive arthritis, Reiter’s syndrome, erythema nodosum) (Salmonella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, Shigella)
2) Hemolytic uremic syndrome ( E.coli or Shigella)
3) Guillain-Barré (1/2000 cases of campylobacter)
4) Malabsorption syndromes (diarrhea of any etiology)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Pruritic

A

Itchy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Eschar

A

A slough or piece of dead tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Early signs or Rubeola

A

Maculopapular rash beginning at hairline and Koplik spots in mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

PCP

A

AKA PJP (Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia) is an AIDS defining condition. Non-productive cough, chest tightness, low grade fever, night sweats, tachypnea with diffuse bilateral infiltrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q 
Tinea capitis
Tinea pedis
Tinea ungium/onchomycosis
Tinea corporis
Tinea barbae
Tinea cruris
Tinea manum
Tinea versicolor
A

All are infection of the dermatophyte Tinea spp.

Tinea capitis: ringworm on scalp, eyebrow, eyelashes)
Tinea pedis (athlete's foot)
Tinea ungium/onchomycosis (toenail)
Tinea corporis (skin)
Tinea barbae (beard)
Tinea cruris (groin)
Tinea manum (hands)
Tinea versicolor (not actually Tinea spp., it's a yeast that looks similar)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Koilonychia

A

spoon shaped names, can be due to iron defieciency

31
Q

Leuconychia

A

white nails from hypoalbumunic states (e.g. cirrhosis)

32
Q

Schamroth’s sign

A

When absent, clubbing of nails (obliteration of diamond window when index fingers nail to nail)

33
Q

Dupuytren’s contracture

A

thickening of the palmar fascia over the ring and little finger

34
Q

Asterixis

A

dysynchronous flapping tremor of hand when arms are extended in front, wrists are flexed, fingers pointing up.

35
Q

xanthelasma

A

sharply demarcated yellowish deposit of fat under the skin, usually around the eyes

36
Q

Glossitis

A

enlarged, beefy tongue. due to B12, folate or iron deficiency

37
Q

Recurrence of fever after a cold suggests…

A

A secondary bacterial infection.

38
Q

Pott disease

A

TB in the spine

39
Q

angioedema

A

rapid swelling of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue

40
Q

filariasis

A

Parasite that blocks lymph vessels. You get elephantiasis of the legs.

41
Q

Grave’s disease

A

autoimmune disease

-body produces antibodies to the TSH receptor

42
Q

Prinzmetal’s angina

A

Angina caused from coronary vasospasm (an abrupt decrease in supply)

43
Q

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD)

A

The desmosomes in the intercalated disks don’t work properly

44
Q

Lambl’s excresences

A

Filiform, mobile growths on the tips of heart valves. Can embolize.

45
Q

Gynecomastia

A

benign enlargement of breast tissue in males

46
Q

pulmonary nodule

A

mass in the lung seen on a radiograph. Usually benign tumour, but can be malignant.

47
Q

What kind of patient would have a barrel chest?

A

-someone with emphysema

48
Q

NRDS

A

neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

49
Q

Rachitic rosary

A
  • bumps of bone at all the costochondral joints so that it looks like a rosary on the chest
  • from rickets
50
Q

What do different colors of sputum suggest?

A 
yellow/green: purulent
pink,foamy: pulmonary edema
white/grey: mucoid
bloody: hemoptysis
rusty colored: old blood mixed with other things
51
Q

What is flail chest

A

When a segment of chest moves paradoxically (oppositely) than the rest. This requires at least 2 ribs to be broken in at least 2 places each.

52
Q

scrofula

A

lymphadenopathy of the neck, usually from TB infection in an immunocompromised person

53
Q

antiphospholipid syndrome

A

an autoimmune disease where you make antibodies against endothelial membranes. More prone to clotting

54
Q

polycythemia vera

A

when the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells. increases the viscosity of the the blood

55
Q

Fabry’s disease

A

Genetic inability to metabolize sphingolipids. Causes renal damage, among other things

56
Q

Alport Syndrome

A

Genetic disease characterized by glomeruli nephritis, end stage renal disease, hearing loss. Mutation in a type of collagen

57
Q

Goodpasture’s disease

A

AKA anti-glomerular basement membrane

Antibodies attack the basement membrane in the kidneys and the lungs

58
Q

refeeding edema

A

edema resulting from eating after you’ve been fasting for a while

59
Q

acromegaly

A

excess GH secretion by the ant pituitary

60
Q

cretinism

A

physical and mental stunting due to untreated congenital hypothyroidism

61
Q

hepatopulmonary syndrome

A

dyspnea and hypoxemia caused by chronic liver disease… mechanism unknown according to Wiki

62
Q

Hirschsprung’s disease

A

AKA: congenital megacolon
the ANS nerves fail to migrate properly to the distal GI tract, leaving the sigmoid colon and rectum without ANS innervation.

63
Q

Achalasia

A

Impaired relaxation of the LES and distal esophagus due to degeneration of myenteric neurons.

Unknown cause.

64
Q

Chagas disease

A

Caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, many chronically infected are asymptomatic.
Symptomatic individuals can develop heart problems or GI problems (loss of enteric neurons)

65
Q

Gastropareisis

A

delayed gastric emptying.

DM is a cause

66
Q

telangiectasia

A

spider veins

67
Q

scleroderma

A

chronic auto-immune disease characterized by fibrosis (or hardening -“sclero”), vascular alterations, and autoantibodies. (source: wiki)

68
Q

scleredema

A

a rare, self-limiting skin condition defined by progressive thickening and hardening of the skin, usually on the areas of the upper back, neck, shoulders and face (source: wiki)

69
Q

The majority of diverticuli are found in which part of the colon?

A

75% are found on the left side

70
Q

angiodysplasia

A

a vascular malformation in the gut where vessels become dilated and tortuous and lose the muscle layer in some spots, predisposing them to bleed. Blood loss is usually occult

71
Q

acute mesenteric ischemia

A

an acute decrease in mesenteric blood supply (celiac, SMA or IMA)
life threatening
typically presents with sudden out-of-proportion periumbilical pain

72
Q

ischemic colitis

A

seen in the elderly. a chronic decrease in blood flow to part of the colon that results in inflammation

73
Q

pyruvate kinase deficiency

A

autosomal recessive, affects the PK in red cells and hepatocytes but not white cells, platelets or other tissues.
causes hemolytic anemia
splenectomy can be used to decrease the hemolysis

74
Q

slapped cheek rash

A

occurs in parvovirus B19 infection

From Flashcardlet (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions