Disorders

Question 1

NREM sleep is modulated by the _______.

Answer 1

Ventral latereal preoptic area

Question 2

Some neurotransmitters from the ______ and ________ are active during NREM sleep.

Answer 2

Raphe, Locus Coerulus

Question 3

_______ and ______ are active during REM sleep.

Answer 3

PPT, LDT

Question 4

________ sleep is a cholinergic state.

Answer 4

REM sleep

Question 5

During REM sleep LDT and PPT send projections to ________ to inhibit movement.

Answer 5

spinal cord

Question 6

________ allows us to flip between awake and sleeps states.

Answer 6

Orexin

Question 7

Homeostatic drive for sleep

Answer 7

The longer you stay awake increases drive for sleep

Question 8

SCN is located above the __________.

Answer 8

optic chiasm

Question 9

How does the SCN keep time?

Answer 9

transcription-translation feedback loop

Clock and BMAL1 proteins induce expression of PER and CRY proteins which feedback and inhibit the clock and BMAL1 proteins.

Question 10

Stimuli in the early night causes ________ in circadian clock.

Answer 10

Delays

Question 11

Stimuli toward the end of the night causes _______ in the circadian clock.

Answer 11

advances

Question 12

The spot at which light stimuli switches from causing delays to advances is when?

Answer 12

When core body temperature reaches its nadir

Question 13

People tend to wake up _______ hours after core body temperature reaches nadir.

Answer 13

2-3 hours

Question 14

______ tends to rise 2-3 hours before natural bedtime.

Answer 14

melatonin

Question 15

Giving melatonin after you wake up _________ the circadian clock.

Answer 15

Delays

Question 16

What is the most important to consider when giving melatonin?

Answer 16

timing

Question 17

If melatonin is not working adjust the _____.

Answer 17

Time

Question 18

______ suppresses melatonin production.

Answer 18

light

Question 19

Advanced sleep wake disorder may be due to a mutation in the __________ part of the transcription translation feedback loop.

Answer 19

phosphorylation

Question 20

Mutation causes PER and CRY to build up faster and and circadian clock is less than 24 hours in ___________.

Answer 20

ASWD

Question 21

Irregular sleep wake disorder clinical presentation

Answer 21

insomnia, excessive sleepiness, or both

atleast 3 irregular sleep bouts in 24 hours during a 7 day period

total sleep time normal for age

Question 22

Who is impacted most by ISWD?

Answer 22

poor sleep hygiene, neurological impairment

Question 23

How is ASWD treated?

Answer 23

sleep schedules

timed light exposure in early evening

timed morning melatonin administration

Question 24

How is Delayed Sleep Wake Disorder Treated?

Answer 24

planned sleep schedules

timed light exposure

timed melatonin

Question 25

______ is not recommended for individuals with DSWD.

Answer 25

Hypnotics

Question 26

0.5 mg of melatonin __ hours before bed time is recommended for DSWD.

Answer 26

5 hours

Question 27

Light exposure ___ hours before wake time (when core body temp reaches min) is recommended for DSWD.

Answer 27

2

Question 28

A sleep pattern that delays more each day is representative of _____ disorder.

Answer 28

Non-24 hour sleep wake disorder

Question 29

Melatonin __ hours before bedtime is recommended for individuals with N24SWD.

Answer 29

2

Question 30

Jet lag is symptoms that present after crossing atleast ___ time zones.

Answer 30

2

Question 31

light during the ____ and melatonin at _____ to ADVANCE circadian clock.

Answer 31

morning, night