Disorders of the Middle Ear

Question 1

What are two of the most common causes for dysfunction of the eustachian tube?

Answer 1

1. Edema: caused by infection or allergy

2. Blockage by hypertrophied adenoids

Question 2

Negative pressure in Middle Ear causes ____________

Answer 2

Retraction of the tympanic membrane

Question 3

Politzerization

Answer 3

medical procedure that involves inflating the middle ear by blowing air up the nose during the act of swallowing.

Question 4

the Valsalva

Answer 4

Forced expiration with the nostrils held shut. Plug your nose and blow.

Question 5

Toynbee Maneuver

Answer 5

Opening the ET by closing the jaw, plugging your nose, and swallowing.

Question 6

What is Otitis Media?

Answer 6

Any infection of the mucous-membrane lining of the middle-ear cleft.

Question 7

Serous otitis media

Answer 7

The collection of fluid in the ME cavity.

Question 8

Purulent/suppurative Otitis media

Answer 8

The formulation of pus in the ME cavity

Question 9

Mucoid otitis media

Answer 9

Mucus accumulation in the ME cavity

Question 10

Otitis media is seen in nearly ___ percent of children born in the US before they are ____ years old.

Answer 10

• 70

- 2

Question 11

Mastoiditis

Answer 11

all inflammatory processes of the mastoid air cells of the temporal bone.

Question 12

ET is closed at rest and is opened by the ____________ and ___________ muscles during the acts of swallowing or yawning.

Answer 12

1. LEVATOR PALITINI

2. TENSOR VELI PALITINI

Question 13

Signs and symptoms of a ET blockage.

Answer 13

• Feeling of “blockage”
• Otalgia due to tension on the tympanic membrane
• Possible hearing loss and tinnitus
• Possible dizziness/balance problems

Question 14

Up to ______of all children experience at least one episode of OM prior to age ___

Answer 14

• 80%

- 3

Question 15

Signs and symptoms of Otitis Media.

Answer 15

• Otalgia 
• Otorrhea 
• Fevers 
• Restless sleep, irritability and temperament
disorders 
• Possible balance and hearing disorders

Question 16

Effusion:

Answer 16

refers to the escape of fluid into tissue or a cavity

Question 17

Classification of OM is typically based on DURATION and TYPE OF EFFUSION. What are the stages?

Answer 17

Acute: sudden onset and short duration 1 - 21 days
Subacute: 22 days to 3 months
Chronic: more than 3 months

Question 18

What is the difference between ACUTE SUPPRURATIVE OM and ACUTE SEROUS OM?

Answer 18

Suppurative means the fluid in the ear is infected TM is red. Serous means the ME is filled with sterile fluid (TM is yellow and retracted).

Question 19

CHRONIC SEROUS OM

Answer 19

– The thick, mucous like fluid is present.
– The fluid has a “glue” like consistency.
– Rich in proteins which can eventually erode the ossicles, bony labyrinth, etc.

Question 20

Mastoiditis:

Answer 20

An infection/inflammation of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone.

Question 21

In Mastoiditis, the _____ as well as the ______ may be involved in the infection

Answer 21

• membrane lining

- bony structures

Question 22

Acute and chronic mastoiditis symptoms include feelings of:

Answer 22

• aural fullness
• pain
• edema
• tenderness behind the auricle

Question 23

Acute Mastoiditis typically shows a ______ due to inadequate drainage of the mastoid mucosa and accumulation of fluid in the tympanum, possible perforation/destruction of the TM, etc.

Answer 23

CONDUCTIVE HL

Question 24

Chronic Mastoiditis typically shows a sensory component:

Answer 24

MIXED HL

Question 25

Mastoiditis :Associated medical complications include ______________ . It can become life threatening

Answer 25

• meningitis
• brain abscess
• cerebellar abscess

Question 26

Mastoidectomy is an operation that allows the exposure of_______________, _______ and ______.

Answer 26

• the mastoid air cells
• middle ear space
• ossicles

Question 27

Mastoidectomies are useful in _________ and the removal of______. This operation is also useful in exposing the _______ and in certain approaches to the ___________.

Answer 27

• eradicating chronic infections of the ear
• cholesteatomas
• facial nerve
• inner ear structures