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MSK > Disorders Of The Shoulder > Flashcards

Disorders Of The Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What type of shoulder dislocation is most common?

A

Anterior

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2
Q

Presentation on shoulder dislocation

A

Squaring of shoulder

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3
Q

What does a posterior shoulder dislocation look like on an x ray?
Why?

A

Light bulb sign
Humerus is internally rotated

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4
Q

What happens to the humerus in a posterior shoulder dislocation?

A

Internal rotation

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5
Q

Cause of posterior shoulder dislocation

A

Seizure
Electrocution

‘Electrical reasons - light bulb sign’

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6
Q

Where are clavicle fractures mainly located?

A

Middle third

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7
Q

Treatment of clavicle fracture

A

Plates + screws

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8
Q

When is treatment of clavicle fracture needed?

A

If nerve of muscles are compromised

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9
Q

What is the most common rotator cuff tear?

A

Supraspinous

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10
Q

List the rotator cuffs

A

SITS
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

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11
Q

What nerve is most at risk of damaged during anteriorshoulder dislocation?

A

Axillary nerve

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12
Q

Why is anterior shoulder dislocation more common than posterior?

A

Pull of muscles pull humeral head anteriorly

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13
Q

What blood supply is most at risk of damage in shoulder dislocation?

A

Suprascapular artery and vein

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14
Q

Action of supraspinatus

A

ABduction - first 15°

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15
Q

Innervation of supraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve C5-6

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16
Q

Action of infraspinatus

A

External rotation

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17
Q

Innervation of infraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve C5-6

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18
Q

Action of teres minor

A

External rotation
ABduction

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19
Q

Innervation of teres minor

A

Axillary nerve C5-6

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20
Q

Action of subscapularis

A

Internal rotation
ADduction

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21
Q

Innervation of subscapualris

A

Nerve to subscapularis C5-6

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22
Q

What position would the arm be in if the suprascapular nerve was damaged?

A

ADucted
Internally rotated

Innervation of infrascapular + supraspinatus

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23
Q

Nerve rots of Suprascapular nerve

A

C5-6

24
Q

Nerve root of axillary nerve

A

C5-6

25
Q

Causes of impingement syndrome

A

Tendinitis
Bursitis
Osteophytes

26
Q

Presentation of impingement syndrome

A

Painful arc
Painful during shoulder ABduction

27
Q

What is impingement syndrome?

A

Compression of rotator cuff in subacrominal space

28
Q

What happens in calcified supraspinatus tendinopathy?

A

Calcium deposits in tendon

29
Q

Common age range for calcified supraspinatus tendiopathy

A

20-40 year olds

30
Q

Risk factor for calcified supraspinatus tendionopathy

A

Diabetics

31
Q

What is seen on an x ray of a patient with osteoarthritis?

A

LOSS
Loss of joint space
Osteophytes
Subarticular sclerosis
Subcondral cysts

32
Q

Risk factors of osteoarthritis

A

Age
Female > male
Obesity
Trauma to joint > secondary OA

33
Q

What causes primary osteoarthritis?

A

Wear and tear

34
Q

What causes secondary osteoarthritis?

A

Trauma to joint > predisposes to OA

35
Q

Treatment of osteoarthritis

A

NSAIDs
Weight loss
Physiotherapy
Surgery

36
Q

Surgical treatment of severe osteoarthritis in shoulder

A

Hemiarthroplasty
Reverse total shoulder replacement

37
Q

What is a hemiarthroplasty?

A

Half joint replacement

38
Q

What happens in a reverse total shoulder replacement?

A

Ball + socket swapped positions

39
Q

What is adhesive capulitis?

A

Frozen shoulder
Shoulder capsule thickens > stiff + tight
Less synovial fluid

40
Q

How long does freezing take in adhesive capulitis?

A

6-9 weeks

41
Q

How long does frozen last for in adhesive capulitis?

A

4-6 months

42
Q

How long does thawing take in adhesive capulitis?

A

6 months - 2 years

43
Q

Where is pain located in adhesive capulitis

A

In all movements

44
Q

Risk factors for adhesive capulitis

A

Diabetes
Hypo/hyperthyroidism
Female>male

45
Q

Location of the supraspinatus muscle

A

Superior to the spine of the scapula

46
Q

Location of the infraspinatus muscle

A

Inferior to the spine of the scapula
Posteriorly

47
Q

Location of the teres minor muscle

A

Inferior to scapula + infraspinatus

48
Q

Location of supscaularis muscle

A

Anterior surface of scapula

49
Q

Why does a scapula fracture often not need fixation?

A

Surrounding muscles hold in place whilst healing occurs

50
Q

What would damage to the axillary nerve cause?

A
  • paralysis of deltoid + teres minor
  • difficulty performing ABduction <90°
  • sensation lost in regimental badge area
51
Q

Presentation of biceps tendon rupture

A
  • > 50 year olds
  • hearing a snap
  • elbow flexion produces a firm lump | due to unopposed contraction of biceps popeye sign
52
Q

Why is there not a significant loss of weakness in biceps tendon rupture?

A

Action of brachialis + Supinators still intact

53
Q

Causes of axillary lymphadenopathy

A
  • Infection of upper limb, pectoral region or breast
  • leukaemia
  • lymphoma
  • metastases
54
Q

Risks associated with axillary lymph node dissection

A
  • interruption of lymphatic drainage > lymphoedema
  • damag to long thoracic nerve > winged scapula
  • damage to thoracodorsal nerve
55
Q

What is winged scapula due to?

A
  • Long thoracic nerve damage
  • loss of innervation to serratus anterior
  • medial border of scapula not held against chest wall
56
Q

Causes of winged scapula

A
  • blunt trauma to neck or shoulder
  • surgical trauma during mastectomy + axillary lymph node clearance

MSK (25 decks)

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