Diuretics

Question 1

Types of Thiazide Diuretics

Answer 1

Chlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril, HCTZ)
Chlorothalidone

Question 2

Thiazide actions

Answer 2

Inhibit Na & Cl reabsorption in distal tubule
Excrete more K+ and Chloride
Promotes reabsorption of Ca

Question 3

Thiazide effects and treats

Answer 3

Lowers BP, decreases fluid volume, dialtes arerioles
elevates blood glucose/uric acid/lipid level

HTN & peripheral edema
not rapid

Question 4

Types of Loop Diuretics

Answer 4

Furosemide (Lasix)
Ethacrynic Acid
Bumetanide

Question 5

Loop actions

Answer 5

Inhibit reabsorption of Na & h20 in ascending loop of henle
increases renal blood flow by 40%

Question 6

Loop effects and treats

Answer 6

rapid diuresis - more potent for fluid excretion

treats: edema, renal dysfunction, HTN, actue pulmonary edema

Question 7

types of Potassium-sparing diuretics

Answer 7

Spironolactone (aldactone)

triamterene (dyrenium)

Question 8

K+ sparing actions

Answer 8

aldosterone antagonist

Question 9

K+ sparing effects and treats

Answer 9

not potent
hyperkalemia is possible

treats: mild edema, HTN, heart failure, combo with another diuretic

Question 10

Types of osmotic diuretics

Answer 10

Mannitol

made of high density molecules that cannot be reabsorbed into body

Question 11

Osmotic actions

Answer 11

• pulls fluid out of body into vascular space

- allows large volumes of fluid to be excreted by kidneys

Question 12

osmotic effects and treats

Answer 12

treats: emergency only. intracranial pressure or intraocular pressure

Question 13

osmotic considerations

Answer 13

monitor for crystallization
use a filter
do not mix with other IVs
monitor electrolytes, I/O, neuro status and weight