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Biology Paper 1 > Diversity and Classification > Flashcards

Diversity and Classification Flashcards

1
Q

The way in which living organisms are divided into groups

A

Classification

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2
Q

The scientific practice of grouping organisms based on shared characteristics

A

Taxonomy

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3
Q

Large groups that are divided into progressively smaller groups with no overlap between the groups

A

Hierarchical system

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4
Q

Based on evolutionary history of organisms

i.e. their common ancestry

A

Phylogenetic

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5
Q

Species…

A

A group of organisms with similar characteristics that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

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6
Q

Did King Phillip Come Over For German Sausages

A 
Domain 
Kingdom
Phylum
Class 
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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7
Q

Family taxonomic rank ends in…

A

ae

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8
Q

Clarifying evolutionary relationships through:

A
  1. Genome Sequencing
  2. Comparing amino acids
  3. Immunological comparisons
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9
Q

Genome sequencing…

A

Entire base sequence of DNA can be compared to another piece of DNA to see how closely related they are - similarity of bases or not

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10
Q

Comparing amino acids is…

A

when the sequence of amino acids in a protein is coded for by the base sequence in DNA

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11
Q

Immunological comparison are…

A

when similar proteins will also bind to the same antibodies

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12
Q

Infertile offspring cannot undergo meiosis. Why?

A

Odd number of homologous chromosomes to pair up so no gametes are formed.

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13
Q

Give three problems in classifying organisms as distinct species

A
  1. Most species did not leave fossils
  2. Considerable variation with any one species
  3. Cannot be tested on organisms that use asexual reproduction
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14
Q

Why is Courtship Behaviour useful for investigating species?

A

It can identify members of the same species who can produce fertile offspring

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15
Q

Give two ways in which courtship increases the probability of successful mating?

A
  1. Enables recognition of the same species
  2. Indicates if they are fertile
  3. Formation of a pair bond
  4. Organism is sexually mature
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16
Q

Give two features that are characteristics of the kingdom Fungi

A
  1. The cell wall is made of chitin

2. They have hyphae

17
Q

Give two other sources which scientists may have used to classify cheetahs and leopards in different genera

A
  1. Evolutionary history
  2. Fossils
  3. DNA base sequence comparison
  4. Comparison of amino acid sequences
18
Q

All the organism in a habitat

A

Community

19
Q

All the organism of one species in a habitat

A

Population

20
Q

What two things do you need to know to calculate species diversity?

A
  1. Total number of organisms of all species

2. Total number of organisms of a particular species

21
Q

High diversity =

A

biotic factors favour + stable environment

Rainforest/woodland > greater variety of food and habitats and plants

22
Q

Low diversity =

A

abiotic factors favour + unstable environment

Desert/arctic > poor variety of food and habitats and plants

23
Q

Sampling a community to calculate Species Diversity index we need to:

A
  1. Select a random area to grid > prevent bias
  2. Grid the area
  3. Use random table generator to gain the coordinates
  4. Use a quadrat > number of species counted
  5. Repeat x10
24
Q

How does agriculture provide ideal conditions for crop photosynthesis and growth?

A
  1. Fertilisers provide minerals
  2. Fields irrigated so there is enough water
  3. Certain fast growing crop species are selected
25
Q

Examples of conservation techniques used by farmers are:

A
  • Maintenance of existing hedgerows
  • Maintain ponds
  • Reduce the use of pesticides
  • Create natural meadows
26
Q

Random sampling is used to…

A

ensure that every member of the population has ne equal chance of being included in the sample > avoids bias

27
Q

Large samples are used…

A

as it minimises the influence of chance and allows a Species Diversity Index to be calculated

28
Q

Standard deviation is…

A

the spread around the mean and can indicate reliability
Overlap = no significant difference
No Overlap = is a significant difference

Biology Paper 1 (4 decks)

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