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Biology II > DNA 2 Proteins > Flashcards

DNA 2 Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pattern of nucleotide bonds?

A

C 2 G

T 2 A

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2
Q

Are bonds weak or strong? Way type of bond is it?

A

Weak

Hydrogen Bond

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3
Q

Who discovers the structure of DNA in 1951?

A

Watson and Crick

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4
Q

What are three important features of DNA’s structure?

A

Two outside strands of deoxyribose and phosphate(alternating)

Cytosine (C) and guanine (G) pair to each other by three hydrogen bonds

Thymine (T) and adenine (A) pair to each other by two hydrogen bonds

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5
Q

What is the shape of DNA?

A 
Double Helix 
        Or
Spiral Ladder
       Or
Twisted Ladder
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6
Q

A chain of nucleotides which are made up of three parts.

A

DNA

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7
Q

A sugar molecule in DNA.

A

Deoxyribose

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8
Q

Phosphorus atom surrounded by oxygen atoms in DNA

A

Phosphate group

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9
Q

Made up of 1 or 2 carbon and nitrogen rings in DNA

A

Nitrogen containing base

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10
Q

A purine which always bonds to thymine.

A

Adenine

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11
Q

A pyrimidine which always bonds to adenine

A

Thymine

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12
Q

A purine which always bonds to Cytosine

A

Guanine

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13
Q

A pyrimidine which always bonds to guanine

A

Cytosine

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14
Q

Nitrogen-containing bases with two carbon-nitrogen rings

A

Purines (AG)

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15
Q

Nitrogen-containing bases with one carbon-nitrogen ring

A

Pyrimidines (CT)

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16
Q

DNA is generally found in a 3D shape known as

A

Double Helix

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17
Q

The double helix involves two nucleotide strands wrapped around each other, and is similar in shape to a

A

Spiral staircase

18
Q

True or False

Nucleotides bonds are free ranged combinations.

A

False

19
Q

___________ always bonds with Thymine

A

Adenine

20
Q

___________ always bonds with guanine

A

Cytosine

21
Q

These base pairs are

A

Complementary

22
Q

In _____________ the DNA molecule is contains in the cytoplasm and consists mainly of a ring of DNA and associated proteins.

A

Prokaryotes

23
Q

In ___________ the DNA is organized into individual chromosomes.

A

Eukaryotes

24
Q

The process by which DNA is copied during the call cycle (S phase)

A

Replication

25
Q

What carries out the process of replication?

A

Proteins

26
Q

Enzymes unzip the double helix at numerous places along the chromosome. During replication the two strands of DNA unwind and ___________ at a point by an enzyme called ____________.

A

Separate

Helicase

27
Q

Free floating nucleotides (ATCG) pair with bases on the template strands. ___________________ bonds the two nucleotides together to form new strands that are complementary to each template strand.

A

DNA Polymerase

28
Q

Replicate the strand of DNA below:

ATCGCTACG

A

TAGCGATGC

29
Q

Two identical molecules of ________ result. Each new molecule has one strand from the original molecule and a new strand. This is why the process is called __________. (One old strand with one new strand)

A

DNA

Semi-Conservative Replication

30
Q

One small mistake such as a change in the nucleotide sequence sin even one location can cause a __________ which can have serious effects in new cells.

A

Mutation

31
Q

The ________________________ states that information flows in one direction from DNA to RNA to proteins.

A

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

32
Q

The process in which DNA is copied

A

Replication

33
Q

Copies DNA to make a strand of RNA

A

Transcription

34
Q

__________ Converts mRNA messages into ___________.

A

Translation

Polypeptides

35
Q

RNA links DNA to what?

A

Proteins

36
Q

What is the purpose of DNA?

A

To become proteins

37
Q

Which cell type does replication, transcription, and translation all occur in the cytoplasm?

A

Prokaryotes

38
Q

Which cell does replication and transcription occur in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm?

A

Eukaryotes

39
Q

What three things separate RNA from DNA?

A

Has ribose sugar
Has Uracil instead of thymine
Is a single stranded structure

40
Q

What is the order of the Central Dogma?

A
  1. DNA
  2. Translation (RNA polymerase)
  3. RNA
  4. Translation (ribosomes)
  5. Proteins
41
Q

What are the three parts of DNA?

A

Deoxyribose
Thymine
Double Helix

Biology II (1 decks)

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