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Biology Matric > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

1
Q

NUCLEIC ACIDS

A

organic molecules that control protein synthesis in living cells

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2
Q

DNA & RNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

ribonucleic acid

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3
Q

DNA LOCATION

A
  • mainly in the nucleas and forms part of chromosomes, small amount outside nucleas
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4
Q

EXTRANUCLEAR DNA

A

DNA that occurs outside the nucleas

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5
Q

CHROMOSOMES

A

long thread-like structures composed of DNA that is wrapped around histones

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6
Q

GENE

A

a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein, which determine characteristics of an organism

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7
Q

DNA STRUCTURE

A
  • giant molecule in a double helix (a ladder when unwound)

- a polymer made up of monomers

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8
Q

NUCLEOTIDES IN DNA

A

monomers (building blocks) of DNA consisting of three parts

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9
Q

WHAT ARE NUCLEOTIDES MADE OF

A

sugar molecule
phosphate group
nitrogenous base

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10
Q

NITROGENOUS BASES

A

adenine
cytosine
guamine
thymine

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11
Q

PURINE BASES

A

(larger) adenine and guanine

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12
Q

PYRAMIDINE BASES

A

(smaller) cytosine and thymine

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13
Q

NUCLEOTIDE FORMATION

A

deoxyribose combines with phosphate group, as well as one nitrogenous base

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14
Q

DNA FORMATION

A
  • deoxyribose of one nucleotide forms a bond w the phosphate group of another
  • two strands (side of a ladder) are formed
  • the sides consist of alternating deoxy and phos
  • two nitrogenous bases link on each rung by weak hydrogen bonds
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15
Q

COMBINATIONS

A 
adenine = thymine
guanine = cytosine
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16
Q

GENETIC CODE

A

the sequence of bases that provides the code that gives instructions for protein synthesis

17
Q

ROLE OF DNA

A

DNA carries genetic code for protein synthesis and replicates to ensure the code is accurately transferred from one gen to the next

18
Q

NON-CODING DNA

A

Do not carry information to produce proteins, but regulate the expression of genes and protects genes from mutations.

19
Q

DNA REPLICATION

A

The duplication of DNA molecule to form two identical copies during the Interphase. Two identical chromatids are formed joined by centromere.

20
Q

IMPORTANCE OF REPLICATION

A
  • Creates identical daughter cells with the same genetic information and DNA composition.
21
Q

DNA PROFILING

A

Barcode pattern obtained by scientists through extracting DNA.

22
Q

USES FOR DNA PROFILING

A
  • proof of paternity
  • to identify suspects in crime investigations
  • tracing missing persons
23
Q

LOCATION OF RNA

A

In nucleus and cytoplasm, forms part of ribosomes.

24
Q

RNA STRUCTURE

A

Consists of a single strand and is a polymer.

25
Q

NUCLEOTIDES IN RNA

A

adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil

26
Q

RNA FORMATION

A

when nucleotides join, the ribose of one attaches to the phosphate group of another to form a longer strand. bases occur in any number and ratio.

27
Q

mRNA

A

acts as a messenger, by carrying genetic code from DNA to ribosomes

28
Q

tRNA

A
  • transfers amino acids from cytoplasm ribosomes for protein synthesis
29
Q

rRNA

A
  • consists of single strand and forms part of ribosome structure
30
Q

DNA vs RNA

A
  • double helix / single strand
  • uracil / thymine
  • deoxyribose/ ribose
31
Q

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

A

process by which proteins are manufactured in living cells

32
Q

BASE TRIPLET

A

three nitrogenous bases on DNA strand that provide code for a particular amino acid

33
Q

TRANSCRIPTION

A

the process where mRNA obtains the code for protein synthesis from the DNA

34
Q

TRANSLATION

A

the processing of the code in the mRNA to form a certain amino acid sequence

35
Q

CODON

A

three nitrogenous bases on tRNA which determines which amino acid will bind to the tRNA

36
Q

ANTI-CODON

A

three nitrogenous bases on mRNA

37
Q

SEQUENCE OF BASES FUNCTION

A

it provides the code that gives the instruction for protein synthesis

38
Q

tRNA structure

A
  • single strand that forms loops w anticodons on
39
Q

mRNA structure

A
  • single strand, unlimited nucleotides

- formed in nucleoplasm

Biology Matric (4 decks)

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