Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Genetics and Evolution > DNA Discovery > Flashcards

DNA Discovery Flashcards

1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the shape of DNA?

A

Double helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is inheritance?

A

Passing down the genetic information from a parent cell to a daughter cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a gene?

A

A unit of hereditary information that is made up of a specific DNA sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

It is made up of two DNA molecules that have been duplicated and condensed. Also contains proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

46

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are viruses that infect bacteria called?

A

Bacteriophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a virus made up of?

A

Either DNA or RNA, and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What bacteria does the T2 bacteriophage infect?

A

E.coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chargaff’s rules are:
1. DNA base composition varies between species.
2.?

A

For each species, the percentages of A and T bases are roughly equal, as are those of G and C bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chargaff’s rules are:
1. For each species, the percentages of A and T bases are roughly equal, as are those of G and C bases.
2.?

A

DNA base composition varies between species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three components that make up the DNA polymer of nucleotides?

A

A nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the pentose sugar in DNA?

A

Deoxyribose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the pentose sugar in RNA?

A

Ribose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the DNA backbone made up of?

A

Pentose sugar and phosphate groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the nitrogenous bases in DNA?

A

Cytosine, guanine, adenine and thymine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the nitrogenous bases in RNA?

A

Cytosine, guanine, adenine and uracil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of bonds link the nucleotides together?

A

Covalent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Are the two sugar-phosphate backbones in DNA parallel or antiparallel?

A

Antiparallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The DNA helix makes one full turn every ___nm along its length.

A

3.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The bases in the DNA helix are ___nm apart.

A

0.34

22
Q

In DNA and RNA, what does cytosine pair with?

A

Guanine

23
Q

In DNA and RNA, what does guanine pair with?

A

Cytosine

24
Q

In DNA, what does thymine pair with?

A

Adenine

25
Q

In DNA, what does adenine pair with?

A

Thymine

26
Q

In RNA, what does uracil pair with?

A

Adenine

27
Q

In RNA, what does adenine pair with?

A

Uracil

28
Q

What are purines?

A

Nitrogenous bases with two organic rings

29
Q

What are pyrimidines?

A

Nitrogenous bases with a single organic ring

30
Q

What are the purines?

A

Adenine and guanine

31
Q

What are the pyrimidines?

A

Cytosine, uracil and thymine

32
Q

What type of bonds form between the nitrogenous bases?

A

Hydrogen bonds

33
Q

How many hydrogen bonds form between cytosine and guanine?

A

Three

34
Q

How many hydrogen bonds form between adenine and thymine?

A

Two

35
Q

What direction does protein synthesis occur in?

A

From 5’ to 3’

36
Q

Who came up with the idea of transformation when studying Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Frederick Griffith

37
Q

When did Griffith discover the idea of bacterial transformation?

A

1928

38
Q

Who were the first to discover that the transforming substance was DNA?

A

Avery, McCarty and MacLeod

39
Q

When did Avery, MacLeod and McCarty demonstrate that the transforming substance was DNA?

A

1944

40
Q

Who came up with the idea that base composition varies between species and the percentages of them?

A

Erwin Chargaff

41
Q

When did Erwin Chargaff discover the idea of base composition variance?

A

1950

42
Q

Who worked with bacteriophages to identify that DNA carried genetic information instead of proteins?

A

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

43
Q

When was the Hershey-Chase experiment?

A

1952

44
Q

Who proposed the double helix structure for DNA?

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

45
Q

When did Watson and Crick propose the structure of DNA?

A

1953

46
Q

Who produced the first X-ray diffraction images of DNA?

A

Rosalind Franklin

47
Q

What did the first X-ray diffraction images of DNA prove about DNA?

A

Confirmed DNA’s double helical shape, the width of the helix and the spacing of the bases

48
Q

What main conclusions did Frederick Griffiths make in 1928?

A

The transforming principle was passed from the dead virulent S strain to the avirulent R strain to transform them

49
Q

In the Hershey-Chase experiment, how was DNA labelled?

A

By radioactive isotope phosphorus 32

50
Q

In the Hershey-Chase experiment, how were the proteins labelled?

A

By radioactive isotope sulphur 35

Genetics and Evolution (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions