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Biology Year 12 > DNA, genes and chromosomes (8) > Flashcards

DNA, genes and chromosomes (8) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

double-stranded
H-bonds between the bases form helix shape

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2
Q

What is the role of DNA?

A

carries genetic information
determines our inherited characteristics

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3
Q

What is the structure of RNA?

A

single-stranded

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4
Q

What is the role or RNA?

A

transfers genetic information from DNA
has ribosomes for protein synthesis

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5
Q

What are the 2 types of bases?

A

purine
pyrimidine

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6
Q

What is the structure of purine?

A

double ring

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7
Q

What is the structure of pyrimidine?

A

single ring

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8
Q

What bases are purine?

A

adenine
guanine

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9
Q

What bases are pyrimidine?

A

cytosine
thymine
uracil

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10
Q

Describe the DNA in eukaryotic cells

A

in nucleus
long + linear
associated with histone proteins to form chromosomes

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11
Q

Describe the DNA in prokaryotic cells

A

short + circular
not associated with proteins
mitochondria + chloroplasts contain this type of DNA

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12
Q

What is the genetic code?

A

order of bases on DNA
consists of codons

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13
Q

What are codons?

A

triplets of bases that code for a particular amino acid

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14
Q

What are 3 features of the genetic code?

A

non-overlapping
degenerate
universal

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15
Q

What does non-overlapping mean?

A

each triplet is only read once

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16
Q

What is meant by degenerate?

A

more than one triplet codes for the same amino acids

17
Q

How many possible triplet codes are there for how many amino acids?

A

64 possible triplets for the 20 amino acids

18
Q

What is meant by universal?

A

same bases and sequences used by all species

19
Q

What is a gene?

A

sequence of bases on DNA molecule that codes for a specific sequence of amino acids to make a polypeptide (can also code for functional RNA)

20
Q

What is meant by locus?

A

fixed position on DNA molecule occupied by a gene

21
Q

What is an allele?

A

different variations of the same gene, found at the same locus on a chromosome

22
Q

What are exons?

A

regions of DNA that code for amino acid sequences, separated by one or more introns

23
Q

What are introns?

A

regions of DNA that do not code for anything
found between exons and within genes

Biology Year 12 (22 decks)

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