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Genetics > DNA Replication and Mutation > Flashcards

DNA Replication and Mutation Flashcards

1
Q

helicase

A

unwinds and separates the 2 DNA strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases

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2
Q

single-strand binding proteins

A

attach to prevent the DNA from rebinding

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3
Q

topoisomerase

A

attaches to 2 forks of bubble to relieve stress on DNA molecules as it separates

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4
Q

primase

A

enzyme that synthesizes RNA primer

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5
Q

RNA primer

A

must be present to add new nucleotides

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6
Q

DNA polymerase III

A

adds new nucleotides, depends on primase

proofreads and replaces incorrect nucleotides

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7
Q

elongation

A

catalyzed by DNA polymerases - adds nucleotides to 3’ ed of growing strand

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8
Q

leading strand

A

new strand of DNA that is synthesized continuously towards the replication fork

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9
Q

lagging strand

A

new strand of DNA that is synthesized in sections away from the replication fork

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10
Q

okazaki fragments

A

chunks of replication on lagging strand

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11
Q

DNA ligase

A

joins okazaki fragments together

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12
Q

DNA polymerase I

A

remoces RNA primers and replaces with DNA nucleotide

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13
Q

repair enzymes

A

correct errors in base pairing

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14
Q

DNA polymerase II

A

fills cut out segments of DNA with correct nucleotides

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15
Q

mutations can occur during

A

transcription

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16
Q

point mutation

A

change in single letter - may or may not cause change

17
Q

frameshift mutation

A

addition of new or deletion of letter - codons not read correctly

18
Q

one base change can change

A

entire protein

19
Q

missense mutation

A

changes amino acid

20
Q

silent mutation

A

no change to protein

21
Q

nonsense mutation

A

change to stop

22
Q

mutagenesis

A

origin of mutations

23
Q

mutagens

A

substance that causes mutations (chemicals, radiation)

Genetics (4 decks)

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