DNA structure + protein synthesis

Question 1

what is the structure of DNA?

Answer 1

a polymer made of 2 strands twisted to form a double helix

Question 2

What are the forms strands that make DNA?

Answer 2

Formed by nucleotides consisting of a sugar molecule, phosphate group + base pairings

Question 3

What are the base pairings?

Answer 3

A + T (adine, thymine)
G + C (guanine, cytosine)

Question 4

What is an RNA molecule?

Answer 4

a single stranded molecule that replaces thymine (T) with uracil (U)

Question 5

what are the different stages of protein synthesis?

Answer 5

transcription, translation

Question 6

what is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Answer 6

creates a temporary strand attaching to ribosomes
it reads in codons/triple base pairs

Question 7

what is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Question 8

what happens during transcription?

Answer 8

DNA for the proteins unwind, gene creates mRNA, mRNA moves out of nucleus into cytoplasm

Question 9

what happens during translation?

Answer 9

mRNA attaches to ribosomes, tRNA bring amino acids to the ribosome and read triplet codes on mRNA to link other amino acids to form polypeptides

Question 10

What are the monomers of DNA?

Answer 10

Nucleotides

Question 11

What is a nucleotide made up of?

Answer 11

Phosphate connected to a sugar which is connected to a base

Question 12

How is a sugar phosphate backbone formed? And what is it?

Answer 12

Phosphate if one nucleotide bonds to the sugar of another nucleotide thousands of times.
It is the outside layer of the double helix forming a protective layer

Question 13

A function of proteins is to act as an enzyme, what do they do?

Answer 13

Speed up the rate of chemical reactions