drive - blood proteins and blood coagulation

Question 1

Where are coagulation proteins produced?

Answer 1

Liver

Question 2

What is vitamin K essential for? (be specific)

Answer 2

synthesis of coagulation factors:

2, 7, 9 + 10

Question 3

What is the most numerous protein in plasma?

Answer 3

Albumin

Question 4

Where is albumin produced?

Answer 4

liver

Question 5

What are the main purposes of albumin?

Answer 5

maintain oncotic pressure

Carry fatty acids, steroids and thyroid hormones

Question 6

What are immunoglobulins?

Answer 6

antibodies produced by plasma cells

Question 7

Name the 4 types of immunoglobulin

Answer 7

IgM (start point)
IgG (most important)
IgA
IgE

Question 8

What causes haemophilia A?

Answer 8

A deficiency in clotting factor 8

Question 9

What causes haemophilia B?

Answer 9

A deficiency in clotting factor 9

Question 10

What is the starting point of the Intrinsic pathway?

Answer 10

The exposed collagen fibres causing the activation of factor 12.

Question 11

What is the starting point of the extrinsic pathway?

Answer 11

The release of tissue factor causing the activation of factor 7.

Question 12

What does activated factor 7 do?

Answer 12

Catalyses the activation of both factors 9 and 10

Question 13

What does activated factor 12 do?

Answer 13

Activates factor 11

Question 14

What does activated factor 11 do?

Answer 14

Activates factor 9

Question 15

What does activated factor 9 do?

Answer 15

In COMBINATION with factor 8 it activates factor 10

Question 16

What does activated factor 10 do?

Answer 16

In COMBINATION with factor 5 it activates factor 2

Question 17

What is the more common name of factor 2?

Answer 17

Prothrombin

Question 18

What is the more common name of activated factor 2 (2a)?

Answer 18

Thrombin

Question 19

What does activated factor 2 do?

Answer 19

Cleave fibrinogen
Activate factor 11, 8 and 5
Cause platelet activation

Question 20

What enables platelet binding onto exposed collagen fibres?

Answer 20

Von Willebrand Factor

Question 21

What cause platelet amplification?

Answer 21

Action of platelet dense granules (released from the secretory vesicles of bound platelets)

Question 22

What causes platelet activation?

Answer 22

Thrombin

Question 23

What is meant by the term platelet activation?

Answer 23

A shape change from smooth discoid to spiculated with pseudopodia (spikey with surface protrusions)

Question 24

What causes platelet aggregation?

Answer 24

Platelet activation due to the increased surface area and increased expression of (fibrinogen binding) receptors that allow more platelets to bind.

Question 25

Name (in order) the key steps from initial damage to the formation of a platelet plug: (5)

Answer 25

Damage -> Platelet adhesion -> Platelet amplification -> Platelet activation -> Platelet aggregation

Question 26

What causes blood vessel constriction?

Answer 26

Endothelin 1 and neural control

Question 27

What does blood vessel constriction cause?

Answer 27

Slows down the flow of blood to the affected area.

Question 28

What inhibits platelet aggregation?

Answer 28

Prostaglandin I2 (released by surrounding undamaged epithelial cells)

Question 29

What inhibits platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation?

Answer 29

Nitric oxide (NO) (release by surrounding undamaged epithelial cells)

Question 30

What provides the link between the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways?

Answer 30

Thrombin

Question 31

Describe the main roles of thrombin:

Answer 31

Activates factors 11, 8 and 5
Cause platelet activation
Cleave fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 32

What cause the production of plasmin?

Answer 32

The activation of plasminogen

Question 33

What is the role of plasmin?

Answer 33

The breakdown of the fibrin polymerisations.