drive - blood (types, transfusions and problems etc) Flashcards
What are the 4 main blood types?
A, B, AB, o
What does D and d mean?
D = rhesus positive d = rhesus negative
What blood type is the universal donor?
o
What blood type is the universal receiver?
AB
What happens (bad) if someone is transfused incorrectly?
The recipients antibodies destroy the transfused cells
What are the normal Haemoglobin levels?
12.5g/gL to 15.5 g/dL
What is it called when someone has low levels of haemoglobin?
Anaemia
What is it called when someone has high levels of haemoglobin?
polycythaemia
Name 5 main types/causes of anaemia:
Iron deficiency B12 deficiency folate deficiency haemolysis Bone marrow failure
What causes iron deficiency?
Not enough in diet
Bleeding (GI or menstrual)
What causes B12 deficiency?
Damaged stomach lining so less parietal cells so less intrinsic factor needed for B12 absorption
Pernicious anaemia (auto-immune) causes parietal cell destruction so less intrinsic factor needed for B12 absorption
What causes folate deficiency?
Malabsorption (e.g. due to celiac disease)
Not enough in diet
Increased demand
What is haemolysis?
When there is normal (or increased) production of haemoglobin but significantly reduced lifespan (less than 30 days)
What does the presence of precursor white blood cells in the blood signal?
Acute leukaemia
What is the name of the condition caused when platelet numbers are too low?
Thrombocytopenia
