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Year 3: Acute/Emergency Medicine > Drug overdose general overview (Complete) > Flashcards

Drug overdose general overview (Complete) Flashcards

1
Q

What is used in management of paracetemol overdose?

A

Medicine:

Activated charcoal: If ingested one hour ago

N-acetylcysteine (NAC)

Surgery:

Liver transplant (if irreversible liver damage)

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2
Q

What type of drug is aspirin?

A

Salicylate

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3
Q

What is the management for salicylate overdose?

A

IV bicarbonate (urinary alkalinisation)

Alkilisation helps increase pH of urine which promotes excretion of aspirin from kidneys

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4
Q

How is opiod overdose managed?

A
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5
Q

Give examples of opioids (4)

A

Morphine

Oxycodone

Hydrocodone

Methadone

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6
Q

What are the main signs/symptoms of opioid overdose (3)

A

Altered mental status (Drowsiness/sleepiness)

Bradypnoea (RR <12)

Pinpoint pupils

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7
Q

How is opioid overdose managed?

A

Ventillatory support

Medicine:

Naloxene

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8
Q

Name examples of benzodiazepines

A

Diazepam

Alprazolam

Chlordiazepoxide

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9
Q

What are the main features of benzodiazepine overdose? (4)

A

Altered mental status: Impaired memory (anteretrograde), attention, behavioural changes.

Drowsiness

Slurred speech

Ataxia

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10
Q

How are benzodiazepines overdose managed?

A

Mainly supportive care

Medicine:

Flumazenil: Only in severe cases as there is risk of seizures with this medication

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11
Q

Why is flumazenil only used in severe cases of benzodiazepine overdose?

A

Cause of risk of seizures

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12
Q

What are the main features of TCA overdose?

A

Drowsiness/confusion

Arrythmias

Seizures

Vomitting/nausea

Headache

Flushing

Dilated pupils

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13
Q

How is TCA overdose managed?

A

Mainly conservative

Medicine:

Correction of acidosis: IV bicarbonate

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14
Q

How is warfarin overdose managed?

A

Vitamin K with prothrombin complex

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15
Q

How is heparin overdose managed?

A

Protamine sulphate

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16
Q

How is beta-blocker overdose managed?

A

Manage bradycardia: e.g. atropine

Consider glucogon if atropine ineffective

17
Q

How is digoxin overdose managed?

A

Digoxin-specific antibody fragments (DigiFab)

18
Q

How is carbon monoxide overdose managed?

A

100% oxygen

Hyperbaric oxygen

19
Q

How are direct tithrombin inhibitor DOACs (e.g. dabigatran) reversed?

A

Idarucizumab

20
Q

Name an example of a direct thrombin inhibitor DOAC.

A

Dabigatran

21
Q

Name 2 examples of direct FXa inhibitor DOACs.

A

Apixaban

Rivaroxaban

22
Q

How are direct FXa inhibitor DOACs reversed?

A

Adexanet alfa

Year 3: Acute/Emergency Medicine (5 decks)

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