DRUG Practice I

Question 1

Which response is more diffuse (widespread), Sympathetic or Parasympathetic?

Answer 1

Sympathetic
- starts centrally and spreads

Parasympathetic
- more local

Question 2

HR is under predom control of which response? Sympathetic or Parasymp?

Answer 2

Parasymp

Question 3

Prolonged stimulation of which receptors causes a depolarization blockade?

Answer 3

Nm

Question 4

NE activation of a2 adrenergic receptors on cholinergic neurons in the GI tract will (pick one) increase/decrease ACh release?

Answer 4

Decrease ACh

a2 is GI relaxation via ↓ ACh

Question 5

NE activation of a2 adrenergic receptors on adrenergic neurons in the cardiac tissue will (pick one) increase/decrease NE release?

Answer 5

Decrease

a2- relaxive on heart

Question 6

Bethanechol will cause (pick one) more/less urination? It contracts which muscle? Relaxes which muscle?

Answer 6

More urination

Contract detrusor m
Relaxes sphincter

Question 7

What is the acronym

for nicotinic lethal exposures?

Answer 7

M uscle weakness, (fasicul 1st)
A drenal medulla act increase
T achycardia
C ramping of skel muscle
H ypertension

Question 8

What is the acronym

for muscarinic lethal exposures?

Answer 8

D efecation
U rination
M iosis
B radycardia
B ronchospasm
E mesis
L acrimation
S alivation

(or SLUDGE BB)
- opp of nicotinic

Question 9

Does Bethanechol have large or little CNS effect?

Answer 9

Little CNS effect

choline ester

Question 10

xerostomia is tx with what?

Answer 10

dry mouth is tx with parasymp agonist

Question 11

Does Neostigmine have large or little CNS effect?

Answer 11

negligible CNS effect

quaternary compound

Question 12

Does Physostigmine have large or little CNS effect?

Answer 12

Large

Question 13

Do organophosphates have large or little CNS effect?

Answer 13

Large

and very long acting

Question 14

Pralidoxime has which effect?

Answer 14

Cholinesterase reactivation
(So that it  can regulate ACh levels downward)

(usually used in conjunction with atropine a muscarinic antag)

Question 15

Which one has high ACh levels, Alzheimers or parkinsons?

Answer 15

Parkinsons ↑ACh

Alzheimers ↓ACh

Question 16

Which SNS receptor works to have GI relaxation?

Answer 16

a2 (via decrease ACh)

- only a2 in SNS that appears on this exam

Question 17

Diff between Epi and NE receptor activity?

Answer 17

EPI: a1, b1, b2

NE: a1, b1
nothing lowering bp - use it to tx hypotensive shock

Question 18

a1 effects on BP

Answer 18

vasoconstriction → ↑ TPR and BP → reflex bradycardia

Question 19

b2 effects on BP

Answer 19

vasodilation → ↓ TPR and BP → reflex tachycardia

Question 20

Which drug is better for nasal relief, adrenergic agonists of muscarinic antagonists?

Answer 20

adrenergic agonists (want to constrict bv –> decongestant)

Question 21

Do b2 adrenergic agonists increase or decrease aqueous humor prod?

Answer 21

increase

m agonists ↑ humor outflow and treats glaucoma

Question 22

Which receptor stimulates uterine relaxation? How might this be helpful?

Answer 22

B2

used to tx premature labor

Question 23

If pt has micturition disorder or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which would you give, an adrenergic antagonist or a muscarinic agonist?

Answer 23

Adrenergic antagonist to a1

• opens up sphincter to ease voiding

Question 24

Labetalol and Carvedilol acts on which receptors?

Answer 24

a1, b2 antagonist

Question 25

Which drug would you use to tx asthma, muscarinic antagonists, or adrenergic agonists?

Answer 25

both (m blocker, and b2 agonists → bronchodilation)

Question 26

Acting on which drug receptor can prevent muscle tremors?

Answer 26

B blocker used to tx muscle tremors and stage fright

b2 at NMJ can cause muscle tremors

Question 27

If a kid has ADHD, would you give him an adrenergic agonist or antagonist?

Answer 27

agonist

increase vigilance and focus

Question 28

do b1 antagonists or b2 antagonists have the neg effect of bronchospasms?

Answer 28

b2
(so use b1 antagonists instead when treating HTN, angina, CHF))
- reduce risk of bronchospasms

Question 29

albuterol acts on which receptor?

atropine?

Answer 29

albuterol: b2 agonist
atropine: muscarinic antag