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PREP > DRUGS > Flashcards

DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

Define Analgesics

A

Medicines used to relieve pain w/o putting you to sleep

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of analgesics

A
  1. Non-opioids (non sedating)
  2. Opioids (sedating)
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3
Q

What are NSAID drugs?

A

IBUPROFEN (motrin)
NAPROXEN (naprosyn)
KETOROLAC (toradol)
NABUMETONE (relafen)
DICLOFENAC (voltaren)
INDOMETHACIN (indocin)

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4
Q

What is the therapeutic use of NSAIDs?

A

Relieve symptoms of headache, painful periods, sprains and strains (backpain), arthritis

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5
Q

What is the pharmacological action of NSAIDS?

A

Inhibition of enzymes cox 1 & 2
Inhibition of synthesis of prostaglandin
Inhibition of platelet aggregation “thins blood”

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6
Q

What are the side effects of NSAIDs?

A

Headache, dizzy, fatique, hypertension, nausea, GI pain, constipation, diarrhea, bleeding

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7
Q

What are the contraindications of NSAIDs?

A

B-Bleeding
A-Asthma
R- renal diseases
S- Stomach (peptic ulcer & gastritis)

-Allergy to salicylate or sulfonamides
-Hypertension
-3rd trimester preg

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8
Q

What are the interactions of NSAIDs

A

loop diuretics - decrease effect
Beta-blockers - decrease effect
ibuprofen - lithium toxicity
Oral anticoagulants - increase bleeding

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9
Q

What is the therapeutic use of acetaminophen?

A

relieve mild to moderate pain, headache, backache, muscle ache, menstrual pain, cold, sore throat, toothache, reaction to vaccine, fever

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10
Q

What is the pharmacological action of acetaminophen?

A

Inhibit synthesis of prostaglandin

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11
Q

What are the side effects of acetaminophen?

A

Nausea, itch/rash, headache, dark urine, clay colored stools

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12
Q

What are the contraindications of acetaminophen?

A

Sensitivity to acetaminophen, severe hepatic impairment, severe hepatic disease

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13
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of opoids?

A

treating moderate to severe pain,
surgery & dental pain
chronic pain, cancer, end of life comfort
also treating uncontrolled cough and diarrhea

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14
Q

What is the pharmacological action of opoids?

A

Acting on receptors in the brain to reduce sensations of pain & suppress medullary cough center

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15
Q

What are the side effects of opoids?

A

Constipation, itching, hypotension, nausea, vomitting, euphoria, rash, respiratory depression

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16
Q

What are the contraindications of opoids?

A

Allergy
Asthma

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17
Q

What are the interactions of opoids

A

Alcohol
Antihistamines
Barbituates
Benzodizaepines
Could results in respiratory depressant effects

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18
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of antimigraine agents?

A

Reduce severity and frequency of migraines and cluster headaches

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19
Q

What is the pharmacological action of antimigraine agents?

A

increasing extracranial arteries, inhibiting neurogenic inflammation, inhibiting pain transmission in CNS

20
Q

What are the side effects of antimigraine agents?

A

STomach pain, irregular heartbeat, leg cramps, numb leg/feet, short breath, agitition, drowisness

21
Q

What are the contraindications of antimigraine agents?

A

acute coronary syndrome, severe stenotic, heart valve defect, cardiac conduction disorder

22
Q

What are the interactions of antimigraine agents?

A

SSRI
SNRI
TCAs
MAOI
* can all increase serotonin syndrome

23
Q

What are the 2 types of cellular receptors for histamine and what do they do?

A

H1 receptor - mediate smooth muscle contraction and dilation of capillaries
H2 receptor - mediate acceleration of heart rate and gastric acid secretion

24
Q

What is the therapeutic use of antihistamines?

A

Relieve symptoms of seasonal allergies, drug reactions, cold & flu

25
Q

What is the pharmacological action of antihistamines?

A

Block release of action of histamine

26
Q

What are the side effects of antihistamines?

A

Drowiness, sedation
Drying mucous membranes, GI upset, nausea
urinary hesitancy
skin itching

27
Q

What are the contraindications of antihistamines?

A

Pregnancy/lactation
arrhythmias
Renal/hepatic impairment

28
Q

What are the interactions of antihistamines?

A

Maoi
Ketocanzaole/erythromcyin - toxic levels

29
Q

What is the therapeutic use for salicylates?

A

Relieve headache, cold & flu, toothache, arthritis, blood clot prevention, reduce pain, fever and inflammation

30
Q

What is the pharmacological action of salicylates?

A

Reduce fever by working on brains hypothalamus & inhibit enzymes Cox1 and 2

31
Q

What are the side effects of salicylates?

A

GI bleed, stomach pain, drowsiness, mild headache

WARNING:acute salicylate toxicity

32
Q

What are the contraindications of salicylates?

A

Allergy to salicylates, NSAIDS, bleeding abnormally, imparied renal function, pregnancy

33
Q

What are the interactions of salicylates?

A

Anticoagulants
NSAIDS
Activated charcoal
antiacids

34
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of Antitussives?

A

Suppress cough reflex, relief moderate to severe pain

**Only for NON productive cough

35
Q

What are the pharmacological actions of antitussives?

A

Acts on medullary cough center in brain

36
Q

What are the side effects of antitussives?

A

Drowisness, sedation, nausea, constipation, dry mouth, upset GI

37
Q

What are the contraindictations of antitussives?

A

Post surgery, asthma/emphysema, addiction, sedation, pregnancy

38
Q

What are the interactions of antitussives?

A

MAOI = hypotension, fever, nausea, coma

39
Q

What is the pharmacological action for expectorants?

A

reducing viscosity of secretions to be easier to cough up

40
Q

What are the side effects of expectorants?

A

Nausea, vomitting, bronchospasm, rash, headache, dizziness

41
Q

What are the contraindications of expectorants?

A

allergy
Pregnancy
Persistent cough - underlying condition

42
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of decongestants?

A

relieve inflammation & edema of nasal membranes

43
Q

What are the pharmacological action of decongestants?

A

causing vasoconstriction to decrease secretions in upper respiratory

44
Q

What are side effects of decongestants?

A

anxiety, tenseness, increased bp, hypertension, sweating, rebound congestion, local stinging, burning, dryness, headache

45
Q

What are the contraindications of decongestants?

A

lesion or erosion in mucous membrane, hypertension, pregnancy, active infection

PREP (6 decks)

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